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1301 Lecture 44 Manifest Destiny 2 — Transcript

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0:02hey there 1301
0:04more manifest destiny we start today
0:07with the presidential election
0:08of 1844 1844
0:16the wigs nominate our old buddy henry
0:19clay
0:20now this is the third time henry clay
0:23has run for president the first time was
0:24in 1824
0:27he came in fourth out of four second
0:29time 1832 he got whooped by andrew
0:32jackson
0:32all that bank of the united states mess
0:35so now he's trying again
0:36in 1844. the democrats
0:42nominate from the state of tennessee
0:46uh uh james polk james pogue speaker of
0:48the house
0:50and uh and clay from kentucky so they're
0:53both westerners
0:54now the wigs the wig party they're kind
0:57of silent
0:58on a lot of issues but they are against
1:02texas becoming a state because it
1:05involves slavery
1:07so they're against texas being a state
1:08and they don't take a stand on
1:10a lot of the other major issues the poke
1:13poke is very clear what he wants
1:15pope wants texas
1:18polk wants oregon and polk
1:22wants california texas oregon california
1:25he is a big believer
1:26in manifest destiny well pope wins the
1:30election
1:31it's kind of close
1:35he gets 170 electoral votes clay gets
1:38105 but the popular vote was very close
1:45uh ah i got that wrong sorry
1:48clay got 48.1 percent
1:5448.1 percent popular vote and polk got
1:5649.6
1:58so popular vote not close electoral vote
2:02yeah not so much
2:03but polk does win now
2:07now this the election of course is
2:09november 1844
2:12pope doesn't take office until mark the
2:14following march
2:154 1845 in the meantime
2:19john tyler is still president of the
2:22united states notice tyler has not run
2:24for president there
2:28tyler took this election
2:32as a mandate from the american people
2:35remember
2:36pope wants four things or three things
2:39rather
2:40as far as benefits destiny texas oregon
2:43california president tyler takes this
2:46vote
2:47pokes election as a mandate from the
2:49american people
2:50to make texas a state and not
2:53wait until polk takes over so
2:56tyler proposes that congress remember i
3:00mentioned
3:00last time a treaty was made between the
3:03united
3:04states and the republic of texas to make
3:05texas a state well a treaty takes a
3:07two-thirds vote of the senate
3:09and the treaty failed polk
3:13or it's gonna be tyler goes about in a
3:15different way
3:16he proposes to make texas a state
3:19to what's called a joint resolution of
3:22congress
3:23a joint resolution
3:28takes a majority of the house and a
3:31majority of the senate to pass
3:33as opposed to a two-thirds vote of the
3:35senate so it might be a little easier to
3:37do it this way
3:38so tyler proposes this joint resolution
3:41to make texas a state
3:44and there's a big debate about it and
3:46the main issue
3:48was slavery texas
3:51the republic of texas has slavery if
3:53texas becomes a state
3:55the state of texas will have slavery
3:58well very close vote remember takes a
4:01simple
4:02majority of both the house and the
4:03senate
4:07the house approves the joint resolution
4:14by a vote of 120 to 98 it kind of closed
4:19in the senate
4:25the vote was 27 to 25.
4:30if one yes senator had changed their
4:32mind it would have been a tie vote
4:34and it would have failed
4:39by that slim margin congress votes
4:42for texas to become a state
4:45and on march 1
4:511845 just three days before he left
4:55he leaves the presidency john tyler
4:58signs the texas
4:59statehood bill now it still has to go
5:01through
5:03uh voting and other things in the
5:06republic of texas
5:08but eventually eventually
5:15on december 29 1845 texas
5:19becomes a state yay texas go horn go
5:23hook em horn suck em horns yay texas woo
5:27one star state so texas becomes
5:30a state december 29 1845
5:33texas officially becomes a state it
5:35should be a state holiday
5:37along with texas independence day that
5:39should also be a state holiday
5:41anything for a new holiday all right i'm
5:44going to erase the board now
5:45bear with me all right so march 4
5:51so march 4 18 45
6:00james pogue becomes the new president
6:04and of course one of those three things
6:07that he wanted
6:09as far as manifest destiny has already
6:11already been achieved
6:12texas the texas statehood bill has
6:16passed
6:17that leaves oregon
6:20and california now grab your book
6:25go to page 606 this map here
6:28as i mentioned last last time the oregon
6:31territory
6:32is more back then was more than just the
6:35state of oregon today state of oregon
6:37today is
6:38in here the oregon territory you can see
6:41very large
6:42it includes what is today the state of
6:44oregon the state of washington
6:46the state of idaho part of montana down
6:49here
6:50and way up in here british columbia
6:53canada
6:54the northern border is 54 if you see it
6:57up here
6:57the northern border of the oregon
6:59territory is 54 degrees
7:0140 minutes now the democrats when
7:04campaigning
7:05in the 1844 election had a slogan 54-40
7:09or fight 54-40 or fight in other words
7:12we want the
7:13entire oregon territory all the way up
7:16to that northern border of 54 degrees 40
7:18minutes
7:18and if we don't get it we won't we will
7:20fight for it against great britain
7:23well polk doesn't really want war with
7:26great britain
7:27but eventually negotiations are held
7:31a compromise is reached and the oregon
7:34question is settled remember way back
7:37when
7:39the northern border of the louisiana
7:42purchase
7:42the border between the united states and
7:44canada was set here
7:46at the 49th parallel it went from lake
7:49of the woods
7:50in what is today minnesota to the rocky
7:52mountains
7:53well what the negotiators did to
7:55compromise they simply took the 49th
7:57parallel
7:58and extended it all the way to the sea
8:01here
8:01they just take the 49th parallel extend
8:04it to the sea
8:06everything to the south goes to the
8:08united states
8:09everything in the north goes to great
8:12britain
8:13so the oregon question was settled quite
8:15peacefully in the end
8:17california is going to prove to be a
8:19little more of a problem
8:21remember california is mexican
8:27now there are americans living there
8:30remember they
8:30trickle down from oregon to sutter's
8:32mill the united states
8:36has offered to buy
8:39california several times
8:44and every time mexico is of course
8:45refused now
8:47when the us when texas became a state
8:54of course still thinks that texas is
8:57part of mexico
8:58the mexican governments ever since santa
9:01ana
9:01have not recognized the republic of
9:04texas
9:04have not recognized the treaty of
9:07velasco
9:08that santa ana signed acknowledging
9:11texas independence all those mexican
9:12governments since have not
9:14recognized it well when texas became a
9:16state
9:18mexico broke diplomatic relations
9:22and there there's another there's
9:23another issue remember i said under the
9:26treaty of velasco
9:27uh the rio grande was the
9:31border between texas and mexico well
9:33mexico says no that's not the border now
9:35mexico saying we don't recognize
9:37texas as part of the united states we
9:39still claim texas
9:40but even if texas is part of the united
9:42states the rio grande is not the border
9:45this river here is the nueces river
9:48that's the border so there's a dispute
9:49in there
9:50well polk president polk
9:54so you see all i'll go learn the rapper
9:55page 6 11. sorry 6 11
9:576 11. president polk
10:00wants mexico he's going to try to
10:04negotiate
10:05he sends an army a u.s army under
10:08general zachary taylor
10:101500 troops here's zachary taylor here
10:13you can see how to spell his name
10:14he said zachary taylor and 1500 american
10:17troops
10:18to the nueces river here which mexico
10:21recognizes as the border so this is the
10:23disputed territory
10:25it sends the americans to corpus christi
10:27texas right on the nueces river
10:30and basically tells them to stand by
10:34eventually pope orders taylor's army
10:40to advance to the rio grande all right
10:44move into the disputed zone to the rio
10:46grande all right keep that in mind
10:48we're going to get back to that
10:52president pope sent a negotiator
10:55to mexico city john slidell
11:02with an offer to buy
11:05new mexico and california basically all
11:09this purple area
11:10buy all this purple area for 30 million
11:14dollars okay now mexico needs the money
11:18but so slidell arrives in mexico city
11:24december 1845.
11:27when he gets there he finds two
11:30governments in mexico two governments
11:33both
11:33claiming to be the legitimate mexican
11:35government now slidell doesn't know
11:37which one is the legitimate government
11:39maybe neither of them are
11:41he doesn't know but it's really a moot
11:43point because
11:45both governments refuse to negotiate
11:49with sly death
11:50well all right
11:54they're both very nationalistic they do
11:55not want to sell this land
11:57to the united states now
12:00remember i mentioned earlier general
12:02taylor and his army have advanced to the
12:04rio grande
12:06mexico claiming that the nueces is the
12:09border
12:10they see this movement of american
12:12troops into this disputed territory
12:14as an outright invasion of mexico
12:19so mexico sends troops north of the rio
12:23grande into the disputed zone
12:25and eventually the mexicans and the
12:27americans clash
12:28and 16 americans are killed
12:31now of course the united states sees
12:33this mexican
12:35army as invaders of the united states
12:38again it's the disputed zone but 16
12:41americans are killed
12:42well with that president polk
12:46still wanting california president polk
12:49asked congress for a declaration of war
12:52against mexico citing this little battle
12:55in which these 16 americans were killed
12:58polk claims that quote american blood
13:01has been shed
13:02on american soil american blood shed on
13:04american soil
13:06soil those 16 american soldiers killed
13:08in the disputed zone
13:10which in my view it's american territory
13:14because of the treaty of alaska well
13:18so he asked congress for a declaration
13:19of war citing this invasion of the
13:21united states by these mexican troops
13:26remember it takes a simple majority of
13:28both houses of congress to declare war
13:32the senate voted 46 to 2
13:35in favor of war and the house voted
13:40174 to 14. so on may 13.
13:491848 the united states declared war
13:53on mexico this begins what's been called
13:57the mexican war sometimes called the
13:58mexican-american war
14:01now if you look on your
14:04new handout here next to the american
14:06war
14:08you see some causes of this war the
14:11inability of american citizens to obtain
14:13compensation for claims against the
14:15mexican government
14:16mainly texans who had claims against the
14:18mexican government before during the
14:19texas war of independence
14:21part of the treaty that santa ana agreed
14:23to
14:24acknowledging texas independence was
14:26that
14:27mexico would pay texans
14:30for any of their losses during the texas
14:33war of independence
14:34mexican government of course has not
14:36done that refusing to acknowledge the
14:38treaty of alaska
14:39mexican anger of the u.s annexation of
14:41texas texas becoming a state mexico is
14:44still
14:44claiming texas as part of mexico number
14:48three
14:48we've discussed dispute between mexico
14:50and the u.s over the boundaries of texas
14:52texas and the us claim the rio grande is
14:54the border
14:55mexico claims the nueces river hence
14:58that orange area
14:59on page 611 instability of the mexican
15:02government which made negotiations
15:04difficult
15:05remember slidell finds two governments
15:07mexico is undergoing significant
15:08political turmoil and revolts
15:10mexican government has been in turmoil
15:13ever since mexico declared independence
15:15in 1821.
15:17number five the determination of
15:18president pope to obtain california and
15:20new mexico by
15:21war if necessary and the main cause the
15:24willingness of the united states
15:26to go to war over manifest destiny
15:30i might add here at some point during
15:33the debates about this war
15:36there was a young first term
15:39member of the house from the state of
15:42illinois
15:43who was against this war and during a
15:47debate
15:48on the floor of the house of
15:49representatives this young
15:51congressman from illinois challenged
15:54president polk challenge the president
15:57of the united states
15:59to come to the floor of the united
16:01states house of representatives
16:03and show him on a map
16:07exactly where this american blood was
16:10shed on american soil
16:12the point was it was in the disputed
16:13zone
16:15but looks good point was it was in the
16:18disputed zone
16:19that congressman only served that one
16:22term in the house
16:23it's very audacious you just don't ask
16:25presidents to do that as far as i know
16:27no president has ever done
16:28something like that uh this made the
16:30name of this young congressman was
16:32uh i don't know you may have heard of
16:34him abraham
16:37lincoln or something like that he may
16:40pop up again later for some reason
16:43well all right the united states and
16:46mexico
16:47are now at war and we'll take up the war
16:51next time so see you then folks

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