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1301 Lecture 42 Manifest Destiny — Transcript

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0:03you know 1301
0:04here we go again through subject today
0:20manifest destiny westward movement
0:25americans are always moving west
0:28uh when the english first came to north
0:31america
0:32they landed on the east coast it was now
0:34the united states and they began moving
0:36west the appalachian mountains
0:38and then with the uh treated paris
0:41uh with the uh when the british took
0:44over
0:45uh from the french they moved
0:48in the french
0:51going from the same orange river inward
0:55westward through the great lakes
0:56westward the spanish
0:58coming up through mexico and then
1:00heading west to the pacific coast
1:02and then when americans gain
1:03independence americans begin going west
1:06of the appalachian mountains
1:07of course to the mississippi river and
1:09then louisiana purchased
1:10beyond americans since colonial days
1:13americans are always
1:14moving west in the 1840s the term
1:18manifest destiny was coined to justify
1:21this westward movement
1:23manifest destiny is the belief that god
1:27god himself had destined
1:30the united states to control from the
1:32atlantic ocean
1:33to the pacific ocean and yet can't go
1:36against god you go against god god will
1:39send it a lightning bolt
1:40hit the united states sink the united
1:42states into the sea and the atlantic and
1:44the pacific will become one ocean
1:46god had ordained the united states
1:49to expand from the atlantic to the
1:51pacific
1:52now this and and it looks like the
1:54united states is doing that like i said
1:56first in colonial america they go from
1:58the west the english go from the east
2:00coast
2:01uh to the appalachian mountains then
2:03with the treaty that ended the
2:04revolutionary war
2:06americans can move west of the
2:07mississippi river than the louisiana
2:09purchase
2:10west of the mississippi river well
2:12beyond that
2:14americans kind of targeted three areas
2:18in particular for further expansion
2:25oregon
2:31california and you all may have heard of
2:34this last one
2:38texas look at oregon first if you go to
2:42the map on page 579
2:47579. look at oregon first
2:51there's oregon up here now uh
2:55if you recall one of those agreements
2:58from after the war of 1812 the united
3:01states
3:02and the british have agreed to jointly
3:04occupy oregon
3:06and and so they're doing that now the
3:09british claim from oregon came from the
3:101700s
3:12the american claim to oregon came from
3:13the lewis and clark expedition
3:16well um so but at this time because of
3:19that agreement
3:20the americans and the british are
3:22sharing oregon
3:25well in
3:29hurry up here hang on a second
3:34oh by the way oregon was more than just
3:36oregon back then
3:38was more than just what is the state of
3:40oregon today it was oregon
3:42washington and way up north in what is
3:45now british columbia canada so that's
3:47oregon
3:48back then now in 1833
3:53there was a report that oregon indians
3:56wanted to learn christianity well
4:00word of this gets back east churches
4:03missionary societies
4:05begin to put missionaries together
4:08sponsor them to go to oregon and so
4:11these missionaries go to oregon
4:14they meet with the indians and they find
4:16out well
4:17and the indians tell them well no we
4:19don't really want to learn christianity
4:21it was just a rumor it got out of hand
4:24well all right but these missionaries
4:27who went to oregon
4:29began to write letters back to their
4:30sponsors their churches their relatives
4:34telling how great the climate was in
4:36oregon how great the soil was
4:38in oregon and so word of this gets back
4:42east through these missionary letters
4:44and americans start heading for oregon
4:47in the late 1830s
4:51they go along what's called the oregon
4:52trail find it here
4:56yeah the red line the oregon trail
5:02it would start out in western missouri
5:05go across the great plains over the
5:07rocky mountains
5:09and into oregon the oregon trail you may
5:12have heard of the video game the oregon
5:13trails one of the original video games
5:15was the oregon trail it's fun game
5:18um so america's begin moving and first
5:21you know late 1830s a little trickle at
5:23first but then by around 1843 it's kind
5:26of a mass migration along this oregon
5:28trail
5:29now you had to leave at just the right
5:31time of year and
5:32guides would be hired to guide you
5:35west because they knew when to go you
5:37had to go with the right time of year
5:39if you left missouri too early to cross
5:41the great plains
5:43the rivers are still flooded from the
5:44snow melt in the mountains
5:46so that's no good if you left too late
5:50when you got to the rocky mountains it
5:52would be winter
5:53well okay so you had to live at the
5:54right time so you would hire a guide to
5:56do it so these guides
5:58would guide these wagon trains people on
6:01foot people in wagons people on horses
6:03across the great plains across the rocky
6:05mountains in oregon
6:06it's very dangerous a lot of people died
6:08along the way i don't know how many but
6:10a lot
6:11um
6:14about a 2 000 mile trip and people died
6:18along the way and
6:19if you went along the oregon trail today
6:20and trying to dig up before we find it
6:22tons of graves
6:23well all right one particular one
6:26particularly nasty
6:28occurrence here was something called the
6:30donner party this was a group of people
6:32who left
6:33too late they left missouri too late and
6:35by the time they get to the rocky
6:37mountains
6:38they got hit with blizzards in the rocky
6:40mountains and a lot of them died
6:43and the ones who didn't die in order to
6:46survive
6:46they resort to cannibalism read about it
6:49in the book
6:50anyway by 1845 there were about 5 000
6:54americans in oregon there were way more
6:56americans than there were british
6:59and all of a sudden this joint
7:00occupation with the british
7:02in oregon was no longer viable all right
7:06so americans are beginning to move to
7:07oregon and well americans kind of want
7:10oregon for their own
7:12more about that later all right next is
7:14california
7:17california is part well california
7:20originally part of spain
7:23and then 1821 when mexico gains
7:25independence from spain
7:27california is now part of mexico
7:32california by the way in case you missed
7:34it california
7:44the first americans to go to california
7:48went there from oregon uh some of these
7:51americans who went to oregon on the
7:53oregon trail by the time they get to
7:54oregon all the best land is taken so
7:56they're looking to go somewhere else
7:58and they begin trickle down south to
8:00trickle down south
8:02into california and by 1845
8:05there were about 700 americans in
8:08california
8:09and the place they went in california
8:13was a place called
8:19sutter sport or sutter's mill known by
8:22both names
8:23roughly the sacramento area today
8:29right here west east of san francisco
8:31sacramento california today
8:33sutter's mill it was run by a german
8:35immigrant
8:36john sutter german immigrant john sutter
8:40and he was basically along to himself up
8:42there
8:43uh you know mexican authority
8:47was didn't exist in northern california
8:50you know
8:51california part of mexico but way up
8:54north there
8:54john sutter was a law unto himself as
8:57long as he obeyed the law
8:59as long as he pays taxes the mexicans
9:02just let him the mexican government just
9:03let him alone up there
9:05well now all of a sudden these americans
9:06are trickling into california
9:08and they're going to sutter sport also
9:10known as sars mill
9:12okay and of course they begin to write
9:16letters back
9:16to their relatives and others back east
9:19saying how great
9:20california is and so all of a sudden
9:23americans become interested in
9:24california
9:25and california fever catches on well
9:28okay
9:29now there's another area
9:33that becomes part of this manifest
9:35destiny unintentionally
9:37and that is what we know today
9:40as utah utah
9:45the first americans to settle in what is
9:47now utah
9:51were members of a religious group
10:10first americans to settle in utah were
10:12members of a religious group you may
10:13have heard of them
10:14called the mormons
10:20their official names the church of jesus
10:21christ of latter-day saints
10:23but that's mouthful mormons mormons are
10:26founded in the 1820s
10:29like joseph smith now i'm not going to
10:31get into mormon theology
10:33and religious beliefs but joseph smith
10:36founded this religion
10:37in the 1820s in in new york
10:41and they began to spread
10:44became a big a lot of people converted
10:46to the mormon religion they got a lot of
10:47converts
10:49and uh the mormons were looking for
10:52their earthly zion zion
10:55in the bible is is is the heavenly city
10:58and they're looking for their earthly
11:00zion a place
11:02where they can settle and practice their
11:04religion freely
11:06well they go to several places uh like
11:09ohio
11:10illinois and um
11:14wherever they went they were very
11:15successful they were successful
11:17farming they were successful in business
11:20and
11:21some of the places they went people who
11:23had already lived there they weren't so
11:25successful
11:26and they're kind of jealous of these
11:27mormons coming in and being successful
11:29in these things
11:30the mormons would say oh it's god god is
11:33blessing us
11:34well the mormons had some religious
11:37beliefs that were outside
11:39of mainstream christianity which made
11:41them
11:42made people become suspicious of them
11:44and and people did not tend to like them
11:46a lot
11:47even though it was a growing religion
11:48there were others who didn't like them
11:50and so they kind of got persecuted uh
11:52wherever they went
11:53finally uh in illinois i don't know the
11:57details of all this
11:58but joseph smith was arrested oh by the
12:01way one
12:02one uh belief that made a lot of people
12:05suspicious of these mormons
12:07the mormons believed in polygamy
12:13which meant you could have more than one
12:15spouse you could have more than one
12:16husband he had more than one wife it was
12:17usually
12:18men would have more than one wife joseph
12:21smith had
12:21several wives i don't know how many uh
12:24but polygamy and so that was one
12:25one reason a lot of people were
12:27suspicious of these mormons because of
12:28polygamy
12:29well in illinois joseph smith was
12:32arrested he was taken to jail
12:34but a lynch mob broke into the jail
12:37and hung joseph smith who's murdered
12:40well with that
12:41the new leader of the mormon church is
12:44brigham young
12:46now at this point the mormon church
12:48splits into two groups
12:51there was one group who believed that
12:53the descendants
12:54of joseph smith should be the new
12:57leaders of the church
12:58and they broke off and they went to
12:59missouri but the bulk of the mormons
13:02went with brigham young
13:03they went further out west looking for
13:05their zion they wanted to find some
13:07place where they could be
13:08alone they wouldn't be bothered by
13:10anybody
13:11they could practice their religion
13:13freely so they head west
13:15they head west they go into the rocky
13:18mountains
13:20and they find a place they find this
13:22valley
13:24and what is today the state of utah
13:27the great salt lake basin
13:30there's a giant lake there the salt lake
13:34it's a salt lake inland very unusual
13:38jo brigham young saw and he said this is
13:40the place
13:41so they settled there well you know
13:44usually lake water is fresh water you
13:45can use it for farming
13:46but this is salt water you can't use
13:48salt water for farming
13:50so the mormons settled in the salt lake
13:52basin and once again
13:54they were very successful
13:57they planted crops now you can't use the
13:59salt water
14:01to water your crops so what the mormons
14:03did they built irrigation ditches
14:05to catch the rain to catch the snow melt
14:08off the mountains in the spring so that
14:10the snow would melt in the mountains
14:12the water would trickle down the
14:13mountains and then go into these
14:15irrigation ditches
14:17and that would water the mormon plants
14:19and once again
14:20they were very very successful and once
14:23again they attributed
14:24to being blessed by god
14:27so this is a group of americans
14:30who went west they not intentionally
14:34fitting into manifest destiny but they
14:36did
14:36oregon or assuming utah
14:40like california at this time
14:43is mexican territory it is part of
14:46mexico
14:47but it's at the very northern edge
14:50of mexico all this here is mexico it's
14:53at the very northern edge of mexico
14:55and once again government yeah let it
14:58alone
15:00okay so americans are moving west so
15:03california oregon and what i didn't
15:05mention earlier
15:07i didn't actually put utah on the list
15:09earlier because utah was not one of
15:10those targets
15:12this group of americans this religious
15:14group of americans went there
15:16and it became part of manifest destiny
15:18but it was not part of that targeted
15:20area all right now
15:25the big target for manifest destiny out
15:28west
15:32was texas that you may have heard of it
15:35texas
15:37all right but we'll take that up in the
15:39next lecture
15:42because i'm going to take the whole time
15:44all right so we'll take up texas next
15:49bye

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