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1301 Lecture 41 Slavery — Transcript

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0:02hey 1301
0:04i'm gonna delve into the issue of
0:05slavery today
0:07now
0:10if you remember way back when the first
0:13african slaves were brought to the north
0:15american english colonies in 1619
0:18and when the united states gained
0:20independence 1776
0:21slavery existed now by then some
0:25states in the north had abolished
0:27slavery and over the years
0:29more states in the north abolished
0:31slavery and if you recall the northwest
0:33ordinance
0:341787 slavery was forbidden
0:38in the northwest territory kind of a few
0:41years later there was a southwest
0:43ordinance
0:44for the southern area and slavery was
0:47allowed there
0:48so but ever since america was founded
0:51there has been slavery independence
0:55slavery existed there was also there was
0:58also always been
0:59an anti-slave movement there were people
1:01in the united states who believed
1:02slavery was wrong so ever since the
1:05beginning of the united states 1776
1:08there's been slavery and an anti-slavery
1:10movement
1:11i think i referred to this before
1:15there are those who believe that slavery
1:18in the entire united states would simply
1:20die
1:20off on its own for some reason they
1:23thought this
1:24some unknown way slavery is just going
1:27to die off on its own
1:29but it's not happening slavery is
1:31expanding
1:32as the south expands slavery expands
1:36with it
1:36into places like alabama mississippi
1:38louisiana
1:40those areas eventually become states
1:431812 louisiana alabama
1:45mississippi shortly after the war of
1:461812 ended
1:49slavery expanded into those areas
1:51slavery is
1:52not dying off on its own slavery is
1:56expanding it's becoming more firmly
1:59entrenched and some people in the north
2:01no longer believe
2:03that slavery will simply die off on its
2:05own and they start to take things into
2:06their own hands
2:08this is the beginning of the
2:09abolitionist movement in america
2:14the abolition movement from the word
2:16abolish
2:17abolished slavery in america
2:21it really got going in january 1831
2:26william lloyd garrison
2:30is a picture of him on page 560.
2:34wayne roy garrison began publishing a
2:37newspaper called the liberator
2:42and the purpose of garrison in his
2:43newspaper was the immediate
2:46abolition of slavery in the entire
2:48united states
2:49the immediate abolition of slavery in
2:51the entire united states like i said
2:53some northern states had already
2:55abolished slavery and in
2:57those who that didn't there simply
2:59wasn't any slavery slavery is really
3:01concentrated in the south
3:04garrison of the liberator immediate
3:05abolition of slavery
3:07throughout the entire united states and
3:09in the
3:10this was january 1831 the abolitionist
3:13movement really began to take off
3:15in the 1830s many local
3:19abolitionist groups were formed across
3:21the northern states
3:22by 1840 there were 2 000 abolitionist
3:25societies in the north
3:26with about 200 000 members
3:30by the end of the 1830s abolition became
3:33the most popular
3:34reform movement in america and really
3:37i should qualify that and say in the
3:40north
3:42abolitionists believe that slavery was
3:45the greatest
3:46social evil in the nation
3:51particularly obnoxious to these people
3:54was the slave system that denied people
3:58their god-given natural rights
4:02that thomas jefferson wrote about in the
4:03declaration of independence
4:06you have the right to life you have the
4:07liberty you have the right to pursue
4:09happiness
4:10slaves were denied those things
4:17abolitionists believed slavery was
4:19immoral
4:20because it denied people control over
4:23their own destinies
4:24a slave's life is not their own a
4:27slave's life
4:28belongs to the slaves master
4:31so these really two repugnant ideas
4:35abolitionists dwelt on the cruelness of
4:37slavery
4:39and they believed as i said earlier that
4:41it was now
4:42way too firmly entrenched to just wither
4:45away
4:45on its own and die its destruction would
4:49have to come
4:50from the north there was no way this
4:53south was going to end just in slavery
4:56well most abolitionists were against
4:59violence
4:59but as we'll see later some were not uh
5:05they dwelt on slavery's cruelness you
5:07know people's
5:08lives being owned slaves being beaten
5:11sometimes for no reason
5:16they tried to persuade slave holders
5:18they
5:19abolitionists tried something called
5:21moral suasion
5:26they tried abolitionists tried to
5:28persuade suasion tried to persuade slave
5:31owners
5:31that slavery was immoral
5:36well it didn't work in some southern
5:39states
5:39it was illegal to even speak against
5:43slavery
5:44which of course is a violation of the
5:45first amendment but that's another
5:47matter
5:50so they try to build the abolitionists
5:53try to build up
5:54anti-slavery feelings in the north the
5:57main theme
5:58everybody has a right to freedom
6:02now there are kind of two main
6:06groups of abolitionists
6:12two main groups of abolitionists and
6:14both groups
6:15had as their ultimate goal the abolition
6:18of slavery
6:19they just differed on how to do it
6:28okay first there were the immediatists
6:35this was garrison and his followers
6:38immediately
6:38called for the immediate abolition of
6:42slavery
6:43end slavery right now immediate
6:46abolition of slavery
6:48and then there were the gradualists
6:55the gradualists called for the abolition
6:58of slavery
6:59gradually over a number of years
7:02gradually so in that gradual period
7:06slaves could be taught job skills
7:11reading writing things like basic math
7:14things like that
7:15things that they will need once they are
7:18freed
7:21now both have their goal the ability the
7:23total abolition of slavery it's just a
7:25matter how to do it the immediate just
7:26end slavery now
7:28graduates no end it over a period of
7:32time period of years
7:33and in that time teach the slaves the
7:35skills
7:36that they will need when they are freed
7:40job skills reading writing math things
7:41like that all right
7:44well of course the south was convinced
7:46the north wants to rule on the south
7:48south a lot of southerners believe that
7:50all northerners were abolitionists which
7:53is not true not all northerners are
7:56abolitionists
7:57some northerners didn't have a view on
7:59slavery at all
8:00the southern states want slavery fine
8:03that's up to them
8:05in the north it's up to us uh and and
8:08some and
8:09then there were northerners who said
8:10well yeah free the slaves but you know
8:12keep them down south
8:14well so southerners were convinced all
8:16northerners
8:17were abolitionists and there was a big
8:19plot in the north
8:21to overthrow slavery though there wasn't
8:24well and some
8:25southerners there was southern some
8:27northerners believed that
8:28all southerners were slave owners well
8:31that wasn't true
8:32either a lot of southerners didn't own
8:33any slaves
8:35and a lot of northerners also believed
8:38that there was some
8:38southern plot to spread slavery all
8:41across the country
8:42which was not true all right
8:57okay now so with the groin
9:00abolitionist movement in the north
9:03southerners began to rethink slavery on
9:06their terms
9:08you know previously to all this there
9:10were some southerners who agreed well
9:12yes slavery's wrong
9:14slavery is evil slavery goes against
9:17you know life liberty pursuit of
9:18happiness god given rights and all that
9:22but gee you know we really don't know
9:25what to do about it
9:27southerners describe slavery as a quote
9:30necessary evil yeah it's evil
9:33but it's necessary for our economy the
9:36southern cotton economy because the
9:38slaves are picking the cotton
9:40so it's a necessary evil but with the
9:43rise of the abolition movement
9:44southerners began to rethink their ideas
9:47on slavery
9:48and eventually the pro-slavery movement
9:52completely changed with the rise of the
9:54abolitionist movement
9:56southerners now thought as slavery
9:58thought of slavery
10:00not as a quote necessary evil but as a
10:04quote positive good slavery is
10:08positive slavery is good
10:13so no more apologies from the self no
10:15more concessions no more
10:16oh yeah slavery's bad but it's a
10:18necessary evil no
10:19now slavery is a positive good and one
10:22of the leaders in this
10:23is our old buddy john c calhoun remember
10:26john c calhoun doctrine of nullification
10:29well the south began to come up with
10:31some defenses of slavery
10:33and in particular four defenses of
10:36slavery
10:36in particular four
10:42there's the historical defense
10:45southerners argue
10:46slavery has always existed somewhere in
10:49the world
10:50and in that they are basically right
10:52southern said
10:53all the great civilizations of the world
10:55had slavery
10:56and if you look at it yes they did the
10:58egyptians the babylonians the acadians
11:00the romans the greeks
11:03all those others back in in bc days
11:06they all had slavery all these great
11:08civilizations had slavery
11:10so historical defense slavery has always
11:13existed it's nothing new
11:15we're not doing anything new we're not
11:17doing anything unique
11:18it's been around for thousands of years
11:21and all the great civilizations had
11:23slavery
11:24all right that's the historical defense
11:28then there is the biblical defense
11:30biblical
11:32there you feel it
11:40i mentioned this before you want to
11:41really make your argument
11:43throw the bible in on it the biblical
11:46defense
11:47there was slavery in the bible
11:52jesus jesus
11:56you know jesus son of god work miracles
11:58raise people from the dead
12:00jesus said slaves obey
12:03your masters jesus
12:07slaves obey your masters
12:10it's right out of the bible and then
12:13there's a story of paul you know paul
12:14saint paul
12:18the book of philemon in the bible
12:23look finally one of those little short
12:25books in the back of the bible that
12:26nobody ever knows about
12:28and somebody in some bibles book if i
12:30leave is one page long
12:31book philemon is a letter written by
12:34paul to his buddy philemon
12:36now philemon had a slave named onesimus
12:41whom paul also knew onesimpus
12:45onesimus the slave runs away
12:48from his master philemon and he runs to
12:51paul
12:52and he goes paul hey paul i run away i'm
12:54free now paul said no
12:55no no no no wait a minute you have to go
12:58back
12:58onesimus you have to go back to your
13:00master philemon
13:02and so paul writes this letter to
13:03philemon and that's the book of final
13:05even in the bible
13:06it's one chapter like i said in some
13:07bibles it's one page long
13:09and then and and paul in his letter to
13:12philemon
13:12tell us philemon onesimus ran away from
13:15you
13:16he's come to me i have told him he must
13:18go back to you
13:19treat him kindly
13:23and so onesimus goes back paul
13:26tells a runaway slave you must go back
13:29to your master
13:30jesus son of god slaves
13:34obey your masters biblical defense
13:39and then there's the scientific defense
13:45apparently southern scientists came up
13:47with this one this
13:49scientific defense that said blacks
13:52slaves
13:52are inherently naturally inferior
13:56to caucasians blacks
14:00are naturally inferior
14:04to caucasians all right inherently
14:07naturally inferior why are blacks
14:10naturally
14:11inherently inferior to caucasians
14:14two reasons one their brain is smaller
14:18their brain is smaller now i don't know
14:21southern scientists cracked open some
14:23skulls of dead people
14:24you know a caucasian and a black and and
14:26compared to them
14:28oh this black one is smaller no this is
14:31what they said
14:32and of course if your brain is smaller
14:35you
14:36must have less intelligence it's just
14:39natural
14:40black brains are smaller therefore
14:43less intelligence this is what southern
14:45scientists said like i said i don't know
14:46if they cracked open skulls and compare
14:48i don't think so but well another reason
14:52that blacks are inherently inferior also
14:55has to do with their brains
14:58according to southern scientists your
14:59brain is divided into two halves now you
15:01know we have that idea today your
15:02brain's divided into two halves
15:04but it has to do with like logic and
15:06creativity but that's not how southern
15:08scientists looked at it
15:09so the scientist said your brain is
15:11divided into two parts
15:13animal part and human part in caucasians
15:17the in the larger caucasian brain
15:20the human part dominates
15:24in the smaller black brains the animal
15:27part dominates
15:28which means that slaves are more animal
15:32than they are human
15:35animal part of the brain dominates
15:37blacks therefore they are more
15:39animal than human therefore it's okay to
15:42have them as slaves because we use
15:44animals to work right you know horses
15:46pull carts horses ox donkeys pull plows
15:49etc
15:50there you go we ride horses they are
15:53more
15:54animal than human all right now
15:58and then there's the so-called
16:01sociological argument and this one may
16:02have had some validity
16:11there's a sociological argument
16:16southern slave owners said that their
16:19slavery
16:21was much kinder humane
16:24than the so-called wage slavery that
16:26existed in the north
16:28in the north there's something called
16:29wage slavery
16:32you would work at a job and you wouldn't
16:34get paid very much
16:35the job was very dangerous maybe you
16:37worked in a factory
16:40you got injured on the job you're
16:42working in the machine your arm gets
16:43caught in the machine
16:46your arm gets ripped off you don't have
16:48health insurance
16:50you don't have workman's compensation
16:52the boss has come oh geez yeah
16:54your arm got ripped off you that's
16:55really bad you really ought to get a
16:56doctor to look at that
16:57and of course you're gonna have to pay
16:58for pay for it yourself because you
17:00don't have any insurance
17:01oh and by the way now you only have one
17:03arm you can't do the job so you're
17:05fired there's no job security
17:09and besides there's somebody else out
17:11there willing to take your job
17:12for less pay than what you're getting so
17:15you just fire for that
17:17also families whole families had to work
17:20father had to work mother had to work
17:22kids had to work
17:24little kids were sought after by minors
17:27like coal miners
17:29because the little kids could crawl in
17:31those little small spaces and mines and
17:33see what's like you know crawling
17:34in a little hole see if there's any cold
17:36back there
17:38they were sought after they never got
17:39that black lung disease wouldn't live
17:41very long
17:42little kids had to work they're going to
17:44school having fun
17:45whole family side work and you may live
17:48in some crappy apartment
17:49and you may have to share it with
17:50another family and and
17:53the apartment the building itself was
17:55full of all kinds of diseases because of
17:57lack of sanitation
18:00wage slavery everybody in the family had
18:03to work mother father kids
18:05just to make ends meet you had no health
18:08insurance
18:11you had to scrape together to get food
18:13clothing place to live
18:17but not in the southern slave system
18:20in the southern slave system slaves are
18:23taken care of
18:24from the moment they're born to the
18:26moment they die
18:27they get health insurance a slave owner
18:30doesn't want their slave to die
18:32there goes their investment slaves are
18:35provided with
18:36food plus they could grow their own
18:41slaves are provided with clothing now
18:43you know it's not gucci
18:44it's not gucci it's not saks fifth
18:46avenue why heck it's probably not even
18:48the kmart blue light special
18:50but they are given their own clothes for
18:52free
18:53they get free food slaves get free food
18:56free place to live free medical care
19:01what am i leaving out they get a job for
19:04life
19:05a job for life they're not going to get
19:06fired
19:09slavery is a utopia everybody should
19:12want to be a slave
19:14free food free clothing free healthcare
19:16free place to live
19:21it's a utopia job for your entire life
19:27everybody should want to be a slave of
19:29course you know in the sociological
19:31argument
19:32they did not that the slave owners did
19:34not dwell on the evils of slavery you
19:36don't have control of your own life
19:38you are owned by somebody for your life
19:41you can be family members could be could
19:43be split up
19:44father could be sold to somebody in
19:45mississippi mother somebody in alabama
19:47kids to somebody in some other southern
19:48states there's no job there's no family
19:50security
19:53you try to run away you're beaten
19:55sometimes you're beating for no reason
20:01now all right so noah no
20:05here's a quote by the way is it go along
20:07with the biblical idea sorry i forgot to
20:09throw this in go along biblical idea
20:11there
20:12uh a southern pastor ebenezer warren
20:16in 1861 gave a sermon called the
20:18scriptural
20:19vindication of slavery and in this the
20:22reverend warren
20:23says both christianity and slavery are
20:26from heaven
20:27slavery is from heaven both
20:31are blessings to humanity both are to be
20:34perpetrated to the end of time
20:36and therefore both have been protected
20:38and defended by god's omnipotent
20:40arm from the assaults oppositions and
20:43persecutions
20:45through which they have passed slavery
20:47like christianity is sent
20:49from heaven slavery is a blessing
20:53slavery is to be perpetuated to the end
20:55of time
20:58slavery has to be protected and defended
21:01by
21:02god's almighty omnipotent arm
21:06slavery is sent by god
21:10and we as mere humans should not
21:13question
21:14god this is a reverend
21:20now you can see the animosity between
21:23north and south over the issue of
21:25slavery is building slavery is the most
21:27distinct
21:28difference between north and south
21:32abolitionists in the north are now
21:35dedicated to abolishing slavery
21:37immediately gradually but the goal is
21:39the same
21:40abolish slavery in the wake of this
21:42attack
21:44as southerners would see it from the
21:45north southerners no longer see
21:47slavery as a quote necessary evil it is
21:49a positive good
21:52sent by god
21:56from heaven to be protected and defended
22:00against these abolitionists
22:03slavery is going to tear the country
22:06apart
22:07eventually we'll see all right okay
22:10slavery bye we'll take up a new ish a
22:12new subject next time bye

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