1301 Lecture 38 Andrew Jackson Part 3 — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:03hey 1301 uh we're continuing with andrew
2. 0:06jackson here
3. 0:08and this is grab your jackson sheets
4. 0:12grab your andrew jackson sheets and
5. 0:14we're going to be looking at the tariff
6. 0:16and nullification issues tariff and
7. 0:18nullification issues
8. 0:20i remember uh part of the american
9. 0:22system was the tariff of 1816
10. 0:24which raised tariff rates tariffs of
11. 0:27course
12. 0:28raising the rates on cheap foreign
13. 0:30products so
14. 0:31people buy american products thereby
15. 0:33creating more american businesses and
16. 0:34industries and well we've gone through
17. 0:36all that
18. 0:37well the one part of the country that
19. 0:40did not like these high tariffs was the
20. 0:42south
21. 0:42and i think we touched upon this before
22. 0:45the south was
23. 0:46exporting about two-thirds of their
24. 0:48cotton crop to europe
25. 0:50and of course if the united states has a
26. 0:51high tariff rate on european products
27. 0:54then the europeans are going to slap a
28. 0:55high tariff on southern cotton
29. 0:58plus the tariff is to protect american
30. 1:00industries
31. 1:02and the vast majority of american
32. 1:04industries at this time
33. 1:06is are in the north and the vast
34. 1:08majority of new industries being created
35. 1:10are in the north
36. 1:12so the south felt like this tariff was
37. 1:14unfair to them
38. 1:15they are paying high tariff rates to
39. 1:17protect
40. 1:18northern industries
41. 1:22so they don't like it
42. 1:28well south is wondering what can they do
43. 1:31about it
44. 1:31what can they do what can the southern
45. 1:34states do
46. 1:36to fight what they considered an unfair
47. 1:39law in this case the tariff well the
48. 1:42answer comes from john c
49. 1:43calhoun now john c calhoun in the 1828
50. 1:46presidential election
51. 1:48he was elected vice president
52. 1:51he was from south carolina but prior to
53. 1:53becoming vice president if you look at
54. 1:55page
55. 1:55459 459
56. 2:00the paragraph that's under his picture
57. 2:03right here in 1828 this is before he was
58. 2:07vice
59. 2:08president calhoun claimed that the
60. 2:10tariff of 1828 remember the tariff of
61. 2:121828 when john quincy adams was
62. 2:13president
63. 2:15he claimed the tariff of 1828 favored
64. 2:17the interests of new england textile
65. 2:19manufacturing
66. 2:20see southern agriculture
67. 2:23and he argued in this south carolina
68. 2:26exposition and protest
69. 2:28that under such circumstances a state
70. 2:31could
71. 2:31nullify or veto a federal law it deemed
72. 2:35unconstitutional
73. 2:36nullification was the ultimate weapon
74. 2:38for those determined to protect states
75. 2:40rights
76. 2:40against federal authority as jackson and
77. 2:43others pointed out
78. 2:44however allowing states to pick and
79. 2:46choose which federal laws they would
80. 2:47follow would create chaos
81. 2:49if you look at your handout this
82. 2:51doctrine of nullification
83. 2:53which calhoun is proposing in his south
84. 2:56carolina exposition of protest
85. 2:59under the doctrine of nullification
86. 3:01states had not given up their
87. 3:03sovereignty
88. 3:04when the constitution was adopted well
89. 3:06okay let's let's just say that's true
90. 3:08and it probably is
91. 3:11states have determined what power the
92. 3:12federal government had well that is true
93. 3:15also
94. 3:16you know the constitution spells out
95. 3:18what powers the federal government has
96. 3:20and the states approve that when they
97. 3:22adopted the constitution so okay
98. 3:25states determine what part of the
99. 3:26federal government had when they agreed
100. 3:28to the constitution
101. 3:29okay we'll go along with that it's this
102. 3:32next sentence that's the controversial
103. 3:33one
104. 3:34under the doctrine of nullification if
105. 3:37congress exceeded its power by passing
106. 3:39an
107. 3:39unfair law such as a tariff
108. 3:44an individual state could declare the
109. 3:46law null
110. 3:47and void within its boundaries so if any
111. 3:50individual state
112. 3:52feels that a federal law is unfair to
113. 3:55that state
114. 3:57that state can declare that law null and
115. 3:59void
116. 4:00no force in that state alone this is a
117. 4:03little different than the virginia
118. 4:04kentucky resolutions
119. 4:06remember the virginia kentucky
120. 4:07resolutions states could declare federal
121. 4:10law
122. 4:10unconstitutional well since then it has
123. 4:13been determined that the supreme court
124. 4:15has that authority
125. 4:16so now they're ratcheting it back a
126. 4:18little they're not saying these laws are
127. 4:20unconstitutional necessarily
128. 4:22but they are unfair to our state
129. 4:27and therefore the state can declare that
130. 4:29law null and void
131. 4:30no force in that state only now you know
132. 4:34every state could do it
133. 4:36well this debate goes to the floor of
134. 4:37the senate if you look at page 459 again
135. 4:40down the bottom
136. 4:41webster versus haines this is a big
137. 4:45debate in congress
138. 4:47between states rights and national
139. 4:48authority senator robert haynes from
140. 4:50south carolina how convenient if you
141. 4:53look at the top of page 460
142. 4:55in the view of senator haynes from south
143. 4:57carolina states had created the union
144. 5:00i suppose they had and only the states
145. 5:02had the right to nullify
146. 5:04or ignore federal laws they disliked
147. 5:07doctrine of nullification the
148. 5:09independence of the states with to him
149. 5:11was
150. 5:12more important than the preservations of
151. 5:14the union
152. 5:15he's putting the states above the union
153. 5:18individual states above the union
154. 5:20if you look at the next paragraph
155. 5:22senator daniel webster from
156. 5:24massachusetts
157. 5:26he pointed out that the u.s constitution
158. 5:28was created
159. 5:29not by the states but by the american
160. 5:31people
161. 5:32okay we can go along with that if states
162. 5:35were allowed to nullify a federal law
163. 5:38the union would be nothing but a quote
164. 5:40rope
165. 5:41of sand so just imagine a rope of sand
166. 5:44not very strong
167. 5:45not strong at all webster's powerful
168. 5:48closing statement
169. 5:48liberty and union now and forever
170. 5:52one and inseparable
171. 5:55so he's arguing for union and
172. 5:59if you look at the next page 461 andrew
173. 6:01jackson proclaimed our union it must be
174. 6:04preserved
175. 6:07well all right
176. 6:11so you get different debates here
177. 6:18now 1832
178. 6:22congress passes a new tariff
179. 6:31the tariff of 1832 which raised
180. 6:35tariff rates again
181. 6:39look forward to page 465.
182. 6:45oh i take that back according to the
183. 6:47book the tariff of 1832
184. 6:48lowered rates on lower grades on some
185. 6:51products
186. 6:52but kept them high on british cotton
187. 6:54fabric and clothing
188. 6:56the new tariff disappointing calhoun and
189. 6:58others eager for the british to buy
190. 7:00more southern cotton so once again
191. 7:03southerners feel that this new tariff
192. 7:05still too high for them
193. 7:08is unfair to southern states southern
194. 7:11cotton states
195. 7:14november 1832 south carolina now
196. 7:17remember
197. 7:18south carolina is going to be the leader
198. 7:20in this john c
199. 7:21calhoun the vice president is from south
200. 7:23carolina oh by the way
201. 7:25uh by this time john
202. 7:29c calhoun has resigned from the vice
203. 7:31presidency
204. 7:32and he's now a united states senator but
205. 7:34in november 1832
206. 7:36a convention was held in south carolina
207. 7:39to deal with these
208. 7:40very high tariffs of 1828 and 1832
209. 7:44and this is november 1832 and this south
210. 7:47carolina convention
211. 7:49voted to declare that those two tariffs
212. 7:531828
213. 7:541832 were unfair
214. 7:57to the state of south carolina and under
215. 8:00the doctrine of nullification
216. 8:02uh claimed that those two tariffs were
217. 8:05null and void
218. 8:06and of no force in south carolina
219. 8:10south carolina is nullifying those two
220. 8:12tariffs
221. 8:14saying they are not applicable to south
222. 8:16carolina
223. 8:17because they are unfair to the state of
224. 8:19south carolina
225. 8:21and further that the convention forbid
226. 8:24its citizens
227. 8:25from enforcing the tariffs
228. 8:29and warned that any attempt by the
229. 8:31federal government
230. 8:33to enforce those tariffs in south
231. 8:35carolina
232. 8:37would force south carolina
233. 8:44to see seed from the united states south
234. 8:46carolina is threatening to break away
235. 8:48from the united states
236. 8:49don't see seed no longer be part of the
237. 8:52united states form its own little
238. 8:54country of south carolina
239. 9:00of course word of this
240. 9:04gets back to andrew jackson
241. 9:09and he was absolutely furious about this
242. 9:13absolutely furious he saw this
243. 9:16as a challenge to federal law
244. 9:21the two tariffs but he also saw this
245. 9:25as a challenge to andrew jackson the
246. 9:28president of the united states
247. 9:32jackson claimed that as president
248. 9:36it is his job to enforce the laws of the
249. 9:38united states
250. 9:41he called nullification incompatible
251. 9:44with the existence
252. 9:45of the union and unauthorized by the
253. 9:49constitution
254. 9:50nullification was according to jackson
255. 9:52incompatible
256. 9:53with the existence of the union and
257. 9:56unauthorized by the constitution
258. 9:58and as president he had no choice but to
259. 10:00enforce the laws
260. 10:02you see once again he's personalizing
261. 10:04this issue remember with the indians
262. 10:06despite supreme court rulings he wanted
263. 10:08those indians out
264. 10:10because he andrew jackson didn't like
265. 10:12indians and want them out
266. 10:14well once again he's personalizing this
267. 10:16issue he's taking this as a challenge
268. 10:18not only to the federal government but
269. 10:20to andrew jackson
270. 10:23as president of the united states he
271. 10:26threatened
272. 10:27threatened to personally hang
273. 10:31his former vice president john c calhoun
274. 10:33who is now a united states senator
275. 10:35threatened to hang john c calhoun
276. 10:38jackson threatened
277. 10:39to personally lead a military force
278. 10:42into south carolina to end this what he
279. 10:45called a rebellion
280. 10:48in fact i think i read the book he
281. 10:51actually
282. 10:52had troops put on a ship getting ready
283. 10:55to send him to south carolina
284. 10:57so he's threatening this thing now south
285. 10:59carolina
286. 11:01south carolina apparently expected other
287. 11:04southern states to join them in this
288. 11:06but no other state is joining them i
289. 11:09think they're all kind of hanging back
290. 11:10waiting to see what's going to happen in
291. 11:12south carolina
292. 11:14well
293. 11:19south carolina starting to feel isolated
294. 11:22here you know jackson making all these
295. 11:23threats
296. 11:24no other state joining them in this
297. 11:26south carolina
298. 11:28begins to feel isolated and they start
299. 11:30to look for a way out
300. 11:32and into this steps our old buddy henry
301. 11:35clay
302. 11:40henry clay at this time is a senator
303. 11:42from kentucky
304. 11:45henry clay proposes a compromise he
305. 11:48proposes a compromise
306. 11:54he proposes a compromise tariff
307. 12:02of 1833 he's proposing a new tariff this
308. 12:05compromise tariff of 1833
309. 12:08under this proposed tariff tariff rates
310. 12:12on imported goods would be gradually
311. 12:15lowered
312. 12:16gradually lowered over a nine
313. 12:19year period
314. 12:23tariff rates would be gradually lowered
315. 12:26over a nine-year period
316. 12:30the tariff of this compromise tariff of
317. 12:321833
318. 12:34is passed by congress but at the same
319. 12:37time
320. 12:38congress also passes
321. 12:43what's called a force bill this force
322. 12:46bill authorized
323. 12:47the president jackson to use
324. 12:51force if necessary
325. 12:56to enforce the tariffs in south carolina
326. 12:58the force bill would allow jackson to
327. 13:00use force military force
328. 13:02if necessary to enforce the terrorists
329. 13:06in south carolina well
330. 13:10south carolina agrees to the compromise
331. 13:13tariff of 1833
332. 13:16so the state of south carolina repealed
333. 13:19its nullification ordinance
334. 13:22but nullified the force bill
335. 13:28this is sort of like a little kid
336. 13:29getting in the last word all right i'll
337. 13:31go along with you
338. 13:32but so south carolina repeals its
339. 13:36nullification
340. 13:37of the tariffs but nullifies the force
341. 13:40bill
342. 13:41they're saying look all right we'll
343. 13:43agree to this compromise tariff but we
344. 13:45still believe in the doctrine of
345. 13:46nullification
346. 13:48and this force bill is unfair to south
347. 13:50carolina
348. 13:51so we are nullifying the force bill well
349. 13:54for jackson
350. 13:55the overlooked debt he accepted this
351. 13:57whole compromise
352. 13:59he signs it uh he signs the new tariff
353. 14:02into law
354. 14:03and jackson overlooks the south carolina
355. 14:06nullification of the force bill
356. 14:09jackson is claiming constitutional
357. 14:11authority here
358. 14:12he's saying as president of the united
359. 14:14states as my constitutional authority to
360. 14:16enforce the laws
361. 14:18the constitution does not support
362. 14:20nullification
363. 14:21the constitution does not support
364. 14:23seceding from the union by a state
365. 14:27what was that quoting in
366. 14:30you know i'll get it
367. 14:35our union it must be preserved andrew
368. 14:38jackson
369. 14:41the constitution must be preserved
370. 14:45i mentioned in a previous lecture
371. 14:48jackson's the closest thing we've had to
372. 14:50a dictator in this country
373. 14:52and when the constitution's supported
374. 14:55what he wanted he is mr constitution
375. 14:58like in this case however when the
376. 15:01constitution doesn't support what he
377. 15:02wants
378. 15:03he says the constitution be damned i'm
379. 15:05going to do what i want and this is
380. 15:06where andrew jackson's a hypocrite
381. 15:08with the indians the supreme court made
382. 15:11two rulings remember two rulings
383. 15:14uh cherokee nation versus georgia
384. 15:16worcester versus georgia
385. 15:17that supported the cherokee and the
386. 15:20indians as a whole
387. 15:23but despite those supreme court rulings
388. 15:26and andrew jackson actually said
389. 15:28chief justice marshall has made his
390. 15:30opinion now let
391. 15:31him enforce it indicating andrew jackson
392. 15:34was not going to
393. 15:35in the case of the indians despite two
394. 15:37supreme court rulings
395. 15:39favoring the indians jackson wanted
396. 15:41those indians
397. 15:42out and by god they were going to go
398. 15:46supreme court be damned constitution be
399. 15:49damned
400. 15:53but now with this terrific nullification
401. 15:54issue jackson is oh mr constitution
402. 15:57the constitution says i have to enforce
403. 15:59the laws and that includes tariff laws
404. 16:01the constitution does not support
405. 16:03nullification the constitution does not
406. 16:05support secession of states we are going
407. 16:08to enforce the constitution here
408. 16:12basically in this whole tariff
409. 16:13nullification issue andrew jackson
410. 16:15challenged south carolina to a duel and
411. 16:18jackson
412. 16:18before he was president he was famous
413. 16:20for dueling with people dueling you know
414. 16:22fields of honor people standing back to
415. 16:25back with pistols in 10 paces and turn
416. 16:27and shoot
417. 16:29he was very good at it he challenged
418. 16:32south carolina to a duel
419. 16:33in south carolina backed down
420. 16:38andrew jackson mr constitution here
421. 16:43big hypocrite now the next issue we're
422. 16:45going to look at and that will be in the
423. 16:47next lecture
424. 16:50once again jax will show his hypocrisy
425. 16:52here
426. 16:53on this constitutional issue again it's
427. 16:55going to be a personal thing
428. 16:56and he's going to do what he wants
429. 16:57despite what the constitution of the
430. 16:59supreme court or anybody else says
431. 17:00so terrific nullification issue south
432. 17:03carolina under the doctoral
433. 17:04nullification
434. 17:05states can uh nullify a federal law that
435. 17:09state feels is unfair to them
436. 17:11andrew jackson says no you can't
437. 17:15all right we'll see you next time folks
438. 17:17bye