1301 Lecture 35 Slavery & 1824 Elect — Transcript

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1. 0:02okay 1301
2. 0:03let's try this one again um
3. 0:08one of the issues that confronted the
4. 0:09united states after the war and this
5. 0:11is an issue we've seen before is the
6. 0:14issue of
7. 0:14slavery there are many differences in
8. 0:18the united states between north and
9. 0:20south the north
10. 0:21was made was turning to an industrial
11. 0:23economy the south maintained an
12. 0:24agricultural economy
13. 0:26and mainly cotton uh
14. 0:31south imported a lot of goods not so
15. 0:33much the north but
16. 0:34slavery was the main difference between
17. 0:37north and south
18. 0:38the south had slavery basically the
19. 0:40north didn't in fact
20. 0:42in some northern states slavery was
21. 0:44outlawed
22. 0:45remember the northwest territory slavery
23. 0:47was forbidden there
24. 0:49with the northwest ordinance so all the
25. 0:51states that are coming in
26. 0:53from the northwest ordinance at this
27. 0:55point ohio
28. 0:56illinois indiana no slavery there
29. 1:02some reasons that now we first saw
30. 1:04slavery back
31. 1:06at the continental congress when
32. 1:08jefferson put that anti-slavery clause
33. 1:10in the declaration of independence
34. 1:12southern delegates said you take it out
35. 1:13or we won't vote for the declaration so
36. 1:15they took it out we'll deal with it
37. 1:17later on
38. 1:18well later on comes at the
39. 1:19constitutional convention our slaves
40. 1:21going to be counted as population or not
41. 1:23then we come up with a three-fist
42. 1:24compromise so the issue of slavery
43. 1:26itself is once again not dealt with
44. 1:28we'll take care of it at a later time
45. 1:30well here we go again here we go again
46. 1:33some reasons why slavery has survived to
47. 1:35this time and we're talking about 1810s
48. 1:36here after the
49. 1:38after the war of 1812 uh possession of
50. 1:40slaves
51. 1:41brought prestige to the owners
52. 1:44possession
53. 1:45reason slavery survived possession of
54. 1:47slaves brought prestige
55. 1:49to the owner the more slaves you owned
56. 1:53the more prestige you had because the
57. 1:55more slaves you owned
58. 1:57the richer you were
59. 2:00now i think there were two southerners
60. 2:03who had a thousand or more slaves
61. 2:06but generally uh owners had a few slaves
62. 2:09enough to work their land uh their large
63. 2:11plantations slaves were would use be
64. 2:13used to pick the cotton
65. 2:15so slavery owning slaves was a sign of
66. 2:19success and brought you a high social
67. 2:20position prestige to the masters
68. 2:23second slavery is a profitable labor
69. 2:26system
70. 2:27well very simply you don't have to pay
71. 2:29the slaves
72. 2:30sure you got to feed them clothe them
73. 2:32take care of the medical needs but you
74. 2:34don't have to pay them it's a free labor
75. 2:36source so it's a profitable labor system
76. 2:40and third slavery represented an
77. 2:43investment
78. 2:44an investment slave auctions would be
79. 2:48held
80. 2:48in the south people would go to these
81. 2:51slave auctions and they would bid
82. 2:53on slaves the the person running the
83. 2:55auction the slave trader
84. 2:57would have the slave stand there say
85. 2:59point out all the great features of this
86. 3:01slave and the bidding would start and
87. 3:03and people would buy the slaves for an
88. 3:05amount of money
89. 3:06well so you've invested sorry
90. 3:11sorry you invested money in this slave
91. 3:13you want to at least get you know let's
92. 3:14say you paid 500
93. 3:16to the slave you want to get at least
94. 3:17500 worth of work out of that slave
95. 3:19after that
96. 3:20pure profit oh and another thing here
97. 3:23uh sometimes sometimes uh people would
98. 3:25go to these auctions and they would buy
99. 3:27a male slave
100. 3:28and then they would buy a female slave
101. 3:30and then they would get male and female
102. 3:32slave
103. 3:33to get together and make baby slaves
104. 3:37so now you have three slaves for the
105. 3:39price
106. 3:40of two and then later on you have four
107. 3:42slaves for the price of two
108. 3:43and maybe five slaves for the price of
109. 3:45two etcetera
110. 3:47so reasons it survived possession
111. 3:48brought prestige to the masters
112. 3:50possession of slaves for prestige of the
113. 3:51masters
114. 3:52slavery is a profitable labor system and
115. 3:55it represented slavery represented an
116. 3:57investment in investment
117. 4:01there is no compelling reason to abolish
118. 4:03slavery now there was an idea at the
119. 4:05time
120. 4:06that at some point in the future slavery
121. 4:09would simply
122. 4:10die out on its own but nobody of course
123. 4:14could see when that would happen
124. 4:16instead but instead of shrinking and
125. 4:18dying out
126. 4:20slavery is expanding it's expanding
127. 4:22geographically through the south
128. 4:25into the deep south alabama mississippi
129. 4:27georgia those areas louisiana
130. 4:29it's expanding it's not shrinking it's
131. 4:32growing
132. 4:35there is no point anybody can see in the
133. 4:37future when this
134. 4:38mythical it'll end on its own will will
135. 4:41come into being
136. 4:43all right now a lot of masters
137. 4:46they did what they had to do to make the
138. 4:47system work and if that meant
139. 4:50being cruel well so be it now you know
140. 4:52you have these stereotypes of slave
141. 4:53owners
142. 4:54and you got these stereotypes of of
143. 4:56slave owners going up and down the roads
144. 4:57and just you know whipping their slaves
145. 4:59left and right
146. 5:00well an owner would not punish a slave
147. 5:04at least intentionally to the point
148. 5:06where the slave couldn't work if the
149. 5:07slave couldn't work
150. 5:08you lose your investment
151. 5:12if you punish a slave to the point where
152. 5:13the slave can't do any work
153. 5:15is now handicapped you've lost entirely
154. 5:17your investment
155. 5:19slaves were punished yes they were
156. 5:21whipped they were punished in cruel ways
157. 5:25and and a master's power to physically
158. 5:27punish the slave was almost unlimited
159. 5:29although there were laws in southern
160. 5:32states against deliberately killing or
161. 5:35meaning a slave
162. 5:36but the laws were not really enforced
163. 5:40all right a slave standard of living was
164. 5:43near the subsistence
165. 5:44subsistence level they would be giving
166. 5:46basically a log cabin to live in and
167. 5:47there might be more than one family
168. 5:49living in the cabin
169. 5:50they were provided with food by the
170. 5:53owner mainly corn and pork and pork and
171. 5:55corn
172. 5:56corn and pork and pork and corn eat a
173. 5:58lot of corn you ate a lot of pork
174. 6:00uh slaves could grow their own food they
175. 6:03could have their own gardens
176. 6:06slave clothing was
177. 6:10something that they were comfortable in
178. 6:12while working
179. 6:13you know they didn't go to saks fifth
180. 6:16avenue to buy clothes for slaves they
181. 6:17didn't even go to kmart while when kmart
182. 6:19existed they didn't even do the kmart
183. 6:21blue light special
184. 6:22it was simple clothing that was
185. 6:24comfortable when
186. 6:25they worked a typical slave day was dawn
187. 6:29to dust but that wasn't unusual farmers
188. 6:31of the north worked onto dusk
189. 6:33but it was very hard work they had to
190. 6:35bend over and bend over a lot to pick
191. 6:37cotton
192. 6:38and a lot of slaves kind of developed
193. 6:40little permanent
194. 6:41bends in their back they couldn't stand
195. 6:43straight up anymore
196. 6:46in the deep south they were working in
197. 6:48the hot humid
198. 6:49days of the summer so very hard
199. 6:53some some slaves that showed aptitude
200. 6:56were taught
201. 6:56work-related jobs like maybe
202. 6:59blacksmithing
203. 7:00or carpentry things like that
204. 7:05if a slave had a job in the owner's
205. 7:07house that was prestige and we talked
206. 7:09about
207. 7:09prestige with the owners there was
208. 7:12prestige within the slave system
209. 7:14if you worked in the master's house you
210. 7:16are higher on the slave
211. 7:17social scale than field hands if you
212. 7:20were taught one of these
213. 7:21one of these trades like carpenter
214. 7:23blacksmithing you were higher up on the
215. 7:25slave social scale
216. 7:27so oh and and slaves were taught
217. 7:30christianity
218. 7:31christianity especially those parts of
219. 7:33the bible that said oh gee
220. 7:35i don't know slaves obey your masters
221. 7:39there you go all right
222. 7:42slavery is expanding it is not shrinking
223. 7:45and is not
224. 7:46dying off on its own
225. 7:49now in 1807 the international slave
226. 7:51trade was abolished
227. 7:53legally of course a lot of a lot of
228. 7:56people made a living
229. 7:58illegally bringing slaves into the
230. 8:00united states slave runners
231. 8:02all right the slavery issue flares up
232. 8:05again in 1819
233. 8:06you know we saw it in 1776 we started
234. 8:09during the constitutional convention
235. 8:101787-88
236. 8:12flares up again in 1819 if you grab your
237. 8:14book go to the page of four
238. 8:15go to the macro page four two four four
239. 8:17two four here
240. 8:19in 1819 there are 22 states
241. 8:2222 states 11 of them are so-called free
242. 8:26states
243. 8:27free states no slavery 11
244. 8:30are slave states that equal balance is
245. 8:33on purpose
246. 8:36in 1819
247. 8:40missouri applies for statehood as a
248. 8:43slave state and this flares the slavery
249. 8:47question up again
250. 8:49admission of missouri as a slave state
251. 8:51will upset the balance the equal balance
252. 8:55well northerners
253. 8:59of course are opposed to this
254. 9:01northerners said that the so-called
255. 9:02founding fathers
256. 9:04thought of slavery as
257. 9:07it's going temporary die off on its own
258. 9:08sometime but again nobody could say when
259. 9:11and and slavery was not intended to
260. 9:13expand west
261. 9:14well maybe it wasn't intended to expand
262. 9:16west but that's exactly what it's doing
263. 9:19going through the deep south here
264. 9:20georgia alabama mississippi louisiana
265. 9:23and now missouri
266. 9:27southerners pointed out that congress
267. 9:30could not make slavery an issue of
268. 9:33statehood
269. 9:33and they are correct in this
270. 9:37for an area to become a state there is
271. 9:40no mention of slavery
272. 9:42southerners are right the issue of
273. 9:44slavery or no slavery cannot be used as
274. 9:47a condition of statehood
275. 9:48and it has not been in the case of
276. 9:50alabama mississippi louisiana
277. 9:52they were all admitted as slave states
278. 9:58alabama and mississippi after the war
279. 10:03southerner said the north was
280. 10:04deliberately trying to make a crisis
281. 10:06here
282. 10:08in order to win support for the
283. 10:10anti-slavery movement
284. 10:12well in the end once again
285. 10:15another compromise was reached you know
286. 10:16just like with the declaration of
287. 10:18independence the compromises reach all
288. 10:20right jefferson
289. 10:20we'll take out that anti-slavery cause
290. 10:22of the declaration
291. 10:24and we'll deal with the issue later
292. 10:25later comes at the constitutional
293. 10:27convention we have the three-fifths
294. 10:28compromise and we'll deal with the
295. 10:31larger issue of slavery
296. 10:32at a later time well once again that
297. 10:35exact scenario happens
298. 10:37uh the issue the main issue
299. 10:40that's facing them missouri statehood is
300. 10:43dealt with but the issue of slavery
301. 10:44itself is once again kicked down the
302. 10:46road
303. 10:47if you grab your post-war agreement
304. 10:48sheet here again
305. 10:50number four the missouri compromise once
306. 10:53again
307. 10:54compromise comes forth
308. 10:57under the missouri compromise missouri
309. 11:00will become
310. 11:00a slave state
311. 11:04but in order to keep up the equal
312. 11:06balance of states
313. 11:08maine we appear in the northeast maine
314. 11:12will become a
315. 11:13free state now maine had been part of
316. 11:15massachusetts
317. 11:17and under the constitution massachusetts
318. 11:19had to give its okay for maine to become
319. 11:21a state
320. 11:22and massachusetts did that so this will
321. 11:25keep up the equal balance
322. 11:27maine becomes a free state in 1820
323. 11:30missouri becomes a slave state in 1821
324. 11:33so now there are 24 states
325. 11:3612 free 12 slaves
326. 11:39the equal balance is maintained
327. 11:42but more importantly the final part of
328. 11:45the missouri compromise
329. 11:47the louisiana purchase this louisiana
330. 11:49purchase
331. 11:50was divided on a line 36 degrees 30
332. 11:53minutes
333. 11:54north latitude which is right here 36
334. 11:57degrees 30 minutes is the southern
335. 11:58border of missouri
336. 12:01under this there will be no slavery
337. 12:05north of the line
338. 12:06except in missouri 36 30 here
339. 12:09no slavery north of the line except
340. 12:11missouri
341. 12:12slavery is allowed south of that line
342. 12:15this area
343. 12:16that's called arkansas territory
344. 12:20well right away you can see the
345. 12:22discrepancy here this area north of the
346. 12:24line is way
347. 12:26larger than the area south of the line
348. 12:30that's going to cause a problem leader
349. 12:32so once again the main issue
350. 12:35is settled but the issue of the the
351. 12:37issue facing them at the moment is
352. 12:39settled with the missouri compromise
353. 12:40but the main issue of slavery itself
354. 12:43once again
355. 12:44kicked on down that old road and it's
356. 12:46going to pop up again
357. 12:47and again and again
358. 12:51all right okay missouri compromise
359. 12:57now that brings us to
360. 13:02the presidential election of 1824
361. 13:06presidential election of 1824. james
362. 13:08monroe
363. 13:10not seeking a third term as president
364. 13:12there are four candidates for president
365. 13:14in 1824
366. 13:20william crawford
367. 13:24who is the secretary of the treasury and
368. 13:26he's backed by president monroe
369. 13:29our old buddy the secretary of state
370. 13:32john quincy adams
371. 13:38the speaker of the house of
372. 13:39representatives from the state of
373. 13:41kentucky
374. 13:44henry clay and our old buddy
375. 13:48the hero of new orleans andrew jackson
376. 13:55so four candidates
377. 13:58like i said uh president monroe is
378. 14:00backing crawford the secretary of the
379. 14:01treasury
380. 14:02thank you again john quincy out of
381. 14:03secretary of state clay the speaker of
382. 14:05the house of representatives from
383. 14:06kentucky
384. 14:07adams from massachusetts crawford from
385. 14:11i don't know where crawford is from all
386. 14:13right jackson from tennessee
387. 14:14he is a united states senator at this
388. 14:17time
389. 14:18all right so remember electors are
390. 14:21chosen by the states
391. 14:23and electors vote for president
392. 14:26and they also cast a vote for vice
393. 14:28president by virtue of the 12th
394. 14:30amendment
395. 14:31so the votes are cast and it comes out
396. 14:34something like this
397. 14:35crawford gets 41 electoral votes
398. 14:40and about 46 600
399. 14:46popular votes adams
400. 14:51gets 84 electoral votes
401. 14:54and about 100 let's say 109 000 popular
402. 14:57votes
403. 15:02clay gets 37 electoral votes
404. 15:07and about 47 000 popular votes
405. 15:13general jackson gets 99 electoral votes
406. 15:20and about 153 000 popular votes
407. 15:24thousand 153 hundred well you look at
408. 15:27that and say wow okay andrew jackson
409. 15:29wins he has the most electoral votes and
410. 15:30that's true he also has the most popular
411. 15:32votes he has 99 votes
412. 15:34adam's 84. uh no clay got oh yeah
413. 15:3847 he said 37 i think wrote 47. sorry
414. 15:41clay gets uh no he got 37 we have 47 000
415. 15:44popular votes i'm sorry
416. 15:45so it looks like jackson gets 99 electro
417. 15:47votes
418. 15:48puts him first adam's 84 crawford 41
419. 15:52electoral votes in clay 37
420. 15:54jackson also gets the most popular votes
421. 15:56adams gets the second most popular votes
422. 15:58so you look at it and say oh andrew
423. 16:00jackson won the election
424. 16:01but hang on this is a very very very
425. 16:04controversial
426. 16:05election very very controversial
427. 16:07election there are 260
428. 16:10electoral votes at this time if you add
429. 16:13these up should come up to 260 5
430. 16:1512
431. 16:205 12
432. 16:2441 and 84
433. 16:285 13 37
434. 16:31172 99
435. 16:41well you need 131 to win you need 131
436. 16:45i thought my map is off here parker
437. 16:48[Music]
438. 16:49atoms 84.
439. 16:53you need 131 to win
440. 17:00it's 261 i'm sorry
441. 17:03there are 261 electoral votes
442. 17:08261 so you need 31 to win
443. 17:15261 electoral votes you need a majority
444. 17:18of that which is 131.
445. 17:20jackson has the most at 99 but he's 32
446. 17:23short
447. 17:25under the constitution you need a
448. 17:26majority of electoral votes
449. 17:29in this case 131.
450. 17:32jackson has the most electoral votes but
451. 17:35he's still 32 short
452. 17:37it's not like he's one or two short he's
453. 17:3932 short that's a significant number
454. 17:41well under the constitution if nobody
455. 17:43gets a majority of electoral votes the
456. 17:46election is then
457. 17:46going to be decided by the house of
458. 17:48representatives house of representatives
459. 17:50and in the house of representatives
460. 17:52voting is done by states
461. 17:54not individual representatives by states
462. 17:57you need a majority of states to win
463. 18:00and in 1824 there are 24 states
464. 18:0524 states so majority of that is 13. so
465. 18:08you're going to need 13 to win
466. 18:10all right and also it's among the top
467. 18:13three
468. 18:14candidates top three candidates so that
469. 18:16would be
470. 18:17jackson crawford and adams
471. 18:21clay is the odd man out clay is the odd
472. 18:24man out here
473. 18:25it's among the top three jackson adams
474. 18:28crawford
475. 18:29well between the time of the election
476. 18:32and the time the house was going to take
477. 18:34up this matter
478. 18:36crawford got very very sick so he
479. 18:38basically drops out crawford basically
480. 18:40drops out he gets very sick
481. 18:42all right so it's really between adams
482. 18:44and jackson
483. 18:45well henry clay is still the speaker of
484. 18:48the house he still
485. 18:49wields a great amount of influence
486. 18:52and eventually the house votes
487. 18:56this is on february 9 1825 february 9
488. 19:001825 the house votes
489. 19:02and remember it's done by states
490. 19:05crawford despite being very sick
491. 19:09he wins four states
492. 19:12jackson wins
493. 19:18seven states and adams gets the required
494. 19:2213.
495. 19:24now what happened here is henry clay i
496. 19:26mentioned henry clay
497. 19:27wields a lot of influence henry clay
498. 19:30throws his support to adams
499. 19:32crawford's very sick so clay's not going
500. 19:34to consider him
501. 19:35clay and jackson are rivals in western
502. 19:37politics they hate each other
503. 19:39they despise each other clay's not crazy
504. 19:41about atoms either
505. 19:42but adams has shown that he will support
506. 19:46henry clay's american system remember
507. 19:48the american system from last time
508. 19:50adams supports the american system which
509. 19:53is clay's baby
510. 19:55clay is basically the author of the
511. 19:56american system so
512. 19:58clay throws his support to adams
513. 20:02that gives adams the required 13 states
514. 20:04to win clay convinces people to vote for
515. 20:06adams
516. 20:07all right so adams wins now
517. 20:13adam starts appointing members to his
518. 20:15cabinet and adams appoints henry clay
519. 20:18as the new secretary of state well right
520. 20:20away the jackson people cry foul foul
521. 20:24we won this election it was stolen from
522. 20:26us
523. 20:27we won the election we got the most
524. 20:29electoral votes we got the most popular
525. 20:31votes and that's true
526. 20:32but andrew jackson and your followers
527. 20:34you have to get a majority of the
528. 20:35electoral votes and you didn't you came
529. 20:37up 32 short
530. 20:39and the constitution says the election
531. 20:40goes to the house yeah but
532. 20:42adams and clay made adam the jackson
533. 20:46people claim that adams and clay made
534. 20:48a so-called corrupt bargain a corrupt
535. 20:51bargain
536. 20:54corrupt bargain clay will throw his
537. 20:57support
538. 20:59to adams and that adams will appoint
539. 21:01clay secretary of state now this is very
540. 21:02important
541. 21:03because previously secretary of state
542. 21:06was a stepping stone to the presidency
543. 21:08jefferson was the first secretary of
544. 21:09state he became president
545. 21:11uh madison was secretary of state under
546. 21:14jefferson he became president
547. 21:16monroe was secretary of state under
548. 21:19under
549. 21:20uh uh uh under madison and he becomes
550. 21:23secretary of state and now john quincy
551. 21:25adams
552. 21:25is secretary of state under monroe and
553. 21:27he becomes president
554. 21:29so assuming that pattern is followed
555. 21:31henry clay will be the next president
556. 21:33and jackson will be shut out the jackson
557. 21:35people say
558. 21:36this corrupt bargain was made adams
559. 21:39promised to make clay secretary of state
560. 21:42in return for his support and now clay
561. 21:45will become the next president
562. 21:48clay and adams did not make this bargain
563. 21:52they did not make this deal but that was
564. 21:55irrelevant to the jackson people
565. 21:57they cried foul we won this election
566. 21:59originally no you didn't
567. 22:02and we should have been elected in the
568. 22:03house no not really
569. 22:08adams becomes president but this cloud
570. 22:12of controversy covers his whole
571. 22:14presidency
572. 22:15clay is made secretary of state and
573. 22:17right away jackson in protest to all
574. 22:19this
575. 22:20resigns from the senate and immediately
576. 22:25begins a campaign for the presidency
577. 22:28in the next election 1828.
578. 22:31this corrupt bargain was never made
579. 22:34never officially yet
580. 22:36the jackson people just po that they
581. 22:38didn't win
582. 22:39this is a pattern with jackson he said
583. 22:41oh we should have won originally with
584. 22:43our 99 electoral votes but you didn't
585. 22:45get a majority the constitution calls
586. 22:46for a majority we don't care what the
587. 22:47constitution says
588. 22:50whether jackson agreed with the
589. 22:51constitution or not
590. 22:53depending on his point of view if the
591. 22:55constitution backed what he wanted
592. 22:57well he was almost constitution but if
593. 22:59the constitution went against he want
594. 23:01if the constitution went against what he
595. 23:04wanted like this election
596. 23:05oh who cares about the constitution we
597. 23:07won
598. 23:09no you didn't all right
599. 23:13adams wins he's the next president of
600. 23:15the united states all right
601. 23:17and that by the way is the end of this
602. 23:18section so we'll see you next time so
603. 23:21bye bye