1301 Lecture 33 Post War Settlements — Transcript

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1. 0:02okay here we go
2. 0:04history 1301 third british invasion
3. 0:07as i mentioned last time the british are
4. 0:08attacking new orleans they want to
5. 0:10capture new orleans sweep up the
6. 0:12mississippi river and attack the
7. 0:14americans from the west general andrew
8. 0:16jackson is sent there to defend new
9. 0:18orleans and stop the british
10. 0:20all right
11. 0:21jackson goes to new orleans
12. 0:24and uh he puts the city under martial
13. 0:26law which means
14. 0:28it's under military law he drafts
15. 0:31citizens of new orleans into his army
16. 0:33well he figures it's their city they
17. 0:35should help defend it
18. 0:37um
19. 0:38general jackson's army is really a a
20. 0:41ragtag
21. 0:42cross section of america there are
22. 0:44regular us army troops
23. 0:47there's tennessee militia remember i
24. 0:48said they would go anywhere for a fight
25. 0:50there's kentucky militia again they go
26. 0:52anywhere for a fight there's louisiana
27. 0:54militia it's their home state
28. 0:56he has some friendly indians in his army
29. 1:00he has some freed slaves in his army he
30. 1:02has some free blacks in his army
31. 1:05uh and probably probably and i mentioned
32. 1:08citizens in new orleans are drafted
33. 1:11the probably strangest group he had in
34. 1:12his army was a band of honest-to-god
35. 1:15pirates pirates
36. 1:21led by jean the feet
37. 1:23jean a feet had guns and ammunition and
38. 1:26men
39. 1:27that jackson desperately needed
40. 1:29now jackson made a deal with lafitte
41. 1:32which new orleans officials didn't like
42. 1:33jonathan is a pirate
43. 1:35he's public enemy number one in new
44. 1:37orleans in louisiana so
45. 1:39jackson makes a deal with him uh new
46. 1:42orleans officials are holding lafitte's
47. 1:43brother prisoner so jackson makes a deal
48. 1:46with the fleet he will release lafitte's
49. 1:48brother from jail and in return lafitte
50. 1:51will supply jackson's army with men
51. 1:54guns ammunition
52. 1:57and and
53. 1:58jackson will give lafitte and his men a
54. 2:01pardon a pardon for any crimes they
55. 2:04might have committed
56. 2:08agrees to this and joins jackson's army
57. 2:10and supplies all those things to
58. 2:12jackson's army
59. 2:14now on the morning of january 8
60. 2:161815
61. 2:18battle in new orleans takes place
62. 2:22jackson has set up his defenses south
63. 2:24from new orleans here's the city of new
64. 2:25orleans there's a mississippi river
65. 2:27jackson sets up his defense of southern
66. 2:29world it's anchored on one side by the
67. 2:31mississippi anchored on one side by john
68. 2:33old swamp
69. 2:34if the british try to cross the
70. 2:36mississippi jackson will see it if the
71. 2:37british try to go around the swamp
72. 2:39jackson will see it he forces the
73. 2:41british into a frontal attack
74. 2:44and so on the morning of january 8th
75. 2:46once again like at the battle of bunker
76. 2:47hill the british lineup and their nice
77. 2:49neat rows got their bright red coats
78. 2:51with the big x's for the backpacks got
79. 2:53the gun got the bandit
80. 2:55and they march straight into general
81. 2:57jackson's lines
82. 2:59general jackson has also set up
83. 3:00artillery on the west side of
84. 3:03mississippi has artillery here
85. 3:05and jackson's artillery opens up on the
86. 3:08british and then in this final itself
87. 3:10when the british get within rifle range
88. 3:12the americans open up with their rifles
89. 3:16according to the book in just 25 minutes
90. 3:19the british lost some 2 100 men
91. 3:22including the commanding general
92. 3:25this was a route over 2000 british
93. 3:29casualties like i mentioned
94. 3:31american casualties about 13 killed and
95. 3:34about 40 wounded
96. 3:362100 british casualties
97. 3:38about 50 55 american casualties it was a
98. 3:42route this was the biggest american
99. 3:44victory of the war and oh by the way in
100. 3:47case you haven't noticed
101. 3:50the battle of new orleans took place
102. 3:51about two weeks after the treaty of
103. 3:53ghent was signed
104. 3:55however the americans the british did
105. 3:57not know about the treaty of ghent
106. 4:00again the slow communications of the
107. 4:02time
108. 4:02now here's the thing though had the
109. 4:04british won new orleans and swept up the
110. 4:06mississippi the british government would
111. 4:08have said no we don't like the treaty of
112. 4:10ghetto we're not agreeing to it and the
113. 4:11war would have continued but with this
114. 4:14victory
115. 4:16the british government approved of the
116. 4:17treaty again
117. 4:19the american senate approved of the
118. 4:21treaty of the gantt in fact the vote was
119. 4:22unanimous on the treaty again the
120. 4:24americans voted on the treaty again 35
121. 4:26to nothing
122. 4:27it takes two-thirds majority 35 to
123. 4:29nothing
124. 4:30all right so that ended the war really
125. 4:32because
126. 4:33and the battle of new orleans such a
127. 4:35great victory even though the war was
128. 4:37technically a tie
129. 4:40the battle of new orleans gave americans
130. 4:42the ascent the sense that they had
131. 4:43actually won the war since they won the
132. 4:46last battle and it was a big one it was
133. 4:48one of the greatest american victories
134. 4:50in all of american history
135. 4:52general jackson became a national hero
136. 4:54he became known as the hero of new
137. 4:56orleans
138. 4:57and ultimately this battle will land
139. 4:59andrew jackson in the white house
140. 5:03all right i mentioned the treaty again
141. 5:05basically just ended the war
142. 5:07did not deal with the issues from prior
143. 5:08to the war uh you know the issue of the
144. 5:11british capturing american ships well
145. 5:13that's over because the war in europe is
146. 5:15over the impressment is over the war in
147. 5:17europe is over but there were some
148. 5:19outstanding issues and the treaty the
149. 5:21treaty said we will deal with those
150. 5:22after the war and some of them were you
151. 5:24have a new handout here
152. 5:26post-war agreements post-war agreements
153. 5:321818
154. 5:33the russia baggage agreement with great
155. 5:35britain the great lakes are
156. 5:36demilitarized no more warships on the
157. 5:40great lakes and this agreement still
158. 5:42holds today over 100 years later
159. 5:45the only time since 1818 there have been
160. 5:48warships on the great lakes was
161. 5:50basically during the two world wars
162. 5:53the convention of 1818. i'll grab your
163. 5:55book go to ke stage page 427 427
164. 5:59427.
165. 6:01uh there was a dispute
166. 6:02as to the northern border of the
167. 6:04louisiana purchase in canada disputed
168. 6:06there the americans thought the border
169. 6:08was further north the british thought it
170. 6:10was further south
171. 6:11well under the convention of 1818 the
172. 6:1349th parallel this red line here
173. 6:16was established as the border between
174. 6:18the louisiana purchase and canada and
175. 6:20that ran from lake of the woods in what
176. 6:22is today minnesota to the rocky
177. 6:24mountains
178. 6:26also there would be joint u.s british
179. 6:27occupation of oregon for 10 years the
180. 6:29british had a claim to oregon that went
181. 6:31back to the 1700s the american plane
182. 6:34came from the lewis and clark expedition
183. 6:36all right so
184. 6:37joint u.s british occupation of oregon
185. 6:39for 10 years and american fishing rights
186. 6:41of newfoundland canada up here somewhere
187. 6:43were established forever
188. 6:45now we're still having trouble with the
189. 6:47uh with the spanish down in florida
190. 6:52british agents are still supplying
191. 6:53indians with guns in florida and they
192. 6:55cross the border and attack americans
193. 6:57and then run back across the border into
194. 6:59spanish
195. 7:00florida well
196. 7:02general jackson the hero of new orleans
197. 7:05was sent to take care of this little
198. 7:06problem
199. 7:11it says in your book on page 427 down
200. 7:13here
201. 7:15of war john c calhoun ordered general
202. 7:17jackson to lead an army from tennessee
203. 7:19into florida igniting what became
204. 7:22the first seminole war he's the seminole
205. 7:24indians calhoun told jackson to pursue
206. 7:26marauding indians into spanish florida
207. 7:29hot pursuit
208. 7:30but not to attack spanish forts
209. 7:36jackson frustrated by the restrictions
210. 7:38wrote president monroe that if the u.s
211. 7:39wanted james monroe's the new president
212. 7:42if you want spanish florida he could
213. 7:43conquer in 60 days in early 1818
214. 7:46jackson's force of 2000 federal soldiers
215. 7:48volunteered tennessee again
216. 7:50and indian allies moved into spanish
217. 7:52florida
218. 7:53the assault of spanish ford at st marx
219. 7:55destroyed several seminole villages they
220. 7:57also captured a court martial two
221. 7:59british traders accused of provoking
222. 8:01indians
223. 8:02and those two british traders were
224. 8:04executed
225. 8:07and if you look at page 428
226. 8:09in may jackson captured pensacola the
227. 8:12spanish capital of west florida
228. 8:16that's a goal here
229. 8:18jackson invades florida
230. 8:20and conquers it like he said he would do
231. 8:23he was he was allowed hot pursuit now of
232. 8:25course the spanish the spanish
233. 8:28protest this they protest the us
234. 8:30government what is your general doing
235. 8:32attacking our territory in florida
236. 8:35uh the the the president the secretary
237. 8:38of war then all of a sudden say oh no we
238. 8:40didn't give jackson permission to do
239. 8:41that when in fact they did
240. 8:44jackson never forgave them for that by
241. 8:46the way
242. 8:48but ultimately
243. 8:51jackson conquered florida for the u.s
244. 8:54and ultimately
245. 8:57the secretary of state at the time is
246. 8:59john quincy adams the son of former
247. 9:01president john adams
248. 9:03john quincy adams
249. 9:06he saw what jackson did and he approved
250. 9:09of it you know the secretary
251. 9:11of war disavows it the president
252. 9:13disavows it but quincy adams the
253. 9:16secretary of state
254. 9:17he likes it
255. 9:18and adams
256. 9:23adams tells the spanish look
257. 9:26whether jackson had permission or not it
258. 9:28might be irrelevant here
259. 9:29jackson conquered florida
260. 9:32obviously the united states can conquer
261. 9:34florida whenever the united states wants
262. 9:39the spanish saw the reality of that they
263. 9:42knew it was true jackson just walked in
264. 9:44basically and took it over and the
265. 9:45spanish were powerless to stop it
266. 9:49well
267. 9:51as a result the spanish finally agreed
268. 9:53to south florida
269. 9:56and this is the adams o'neice treaty of
270. 9:581819 i think it might be called
271. 10:00something different in the book but the
272. 10:01atoms on east treaty of 1819
273. 10:05it's also called the transcontinental
274. 10:06treaty if you go back to page
275. 10:08page 427
276. 10:14under the atoms on east treaty the u.s
277. 10:16acquires florida so now we have a place
278. 10:18for american retirees to retire to the
279. 10:20americans acquire florida the border
280. 10:22between louisiana territory and spanish
281. 10:24territory is set that's this red lion
282. 10:26here
283. 10:27so this is the now the border between
284. 10:29louisiana territory here and spanish
285. 10:31territory and the southwest
286. 10:34the u.s gave up all claims to texas
287. 10:37some americans believe that parts of
288. 10:39southeastern texas
289. 10:41were part of the louisiana purchase
290. 10:43while the us gives up claims to texas
291. 10:45and in return
292. 10:46the spanish give up claims to oregon the
293. 10:49spanish had claims in oregon going back
294. 10:51i don't know how many years
295. 10:53but they gave up claims to oregon and in
296. 10:55return the u.s paid spain 5 million
297. 10:58dollars
298. 10:59so some of these post-war issues were
299. 11:02dealt with after the war
300. 11:05all right
301. 11:06the us has acquired more territory
302. 11:09okie doke
303. 11:11um
304. 11:16yeah okay well that's it for now
305. 11:19so we'll see you next time
306. 11:22we'll take up some economic policies
307. 11:24next time so see you then bye-bye