1301 Lecture 29 Jefferson Dom. Affairs — Transcript

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1. 0:02once again conan 1301 here go remember
2. 0:05last time thomas jefferson was elected
3. 0:07president of the united states
4. 0:09remember him and aaron burr were tied uh
5. 0:12with 73 electoral votes and as per the
6. 0:14constitution the election goes to the
7. 0:15house of representatives
8. 0:17and eventually uh where there are
9. 0:20how many states were there well you need
10. 0:22a majority of states to win voting is
11. 0:23done by
12. 0:24states and eventually jefferson gets the
13. 0:27majority of states
14. 0:28and is elected president of course aaron
15. 0:30burr becomes vice president
16. 0:33jefferson's main domestic goal was to
17. 0:36reduce the national debt
18. 0:38he thought national debts were dangerous
19. 0:41to republican nations
20. 0:43and he is going to reduce the debt by
21. 0:47reducing government expenses and
22. 0:50reducing
23. 0:50taxes under jefferson
24. 0:55the government's two main sources of
25. 0:58income are
26. 1:02the tariff
27. 1:06and land sales tariff and land sales
28. 1:10american commerce is expanding uh
29. 1:12american trade is expanding
30. 1:14which brings more goods into the united
31. 1:17states from foreign countries and of
32. 1:18course more goods come into the country
33. 1:20they are paying a tariff tax on those
34. 1:23goods
35. 1:24so that's bringing more money in and out
36. 1:27west
37. 1:27land is being surveyed americans are
38. 1:30going out west buying land
39. 1:31cost of land was reduced at the
40. 1:33government auctions
41. 1:35so americans are buying land so the two
42. 1:37main sources of income
43. 1:39tariffs and land sales
44. 1:45jefferson reduces some taxes including
45. 1:48getting rid of that
46. 1:49nasty whiskey tax that nobody liked
47. 1:52but the biggest reduction in government
48. 1:56spending comes from the military
49. 1:59under jefferson
50. 2:05the military is reduced by 50 percent
51. 2:08jefferson gets rid of that that uh
52. 2:11provisional army that was raised by
53. 2:13adams for the french medal the french
54. 2:15mess is gone
55. 2:17jefferson reduces the us military the
56. 2:20army the navy
57. 2:21by 50 percent and of course that's a 50
58. 2:24percent
59. 2:24reduction in military spending uh
60. 2:27jefferson
61. 2:28and the republicans believe that
62. 2:32large standing militaries are dangerous
63. 2:35to democracies all dangerous period
64. 2:38they know history they know militaries
65. 2:40have taken over in europe for example
66. 2:42taking over governments large standing
67. 2:45militaries they believe
68. 2:46are dangerous and they believe that the
69. 2:49nation's defense
70. 2:51is added but adequately provided for
71. 2:54by the state militias and a small navy
72. 2:58to protect the coast jefferson of the
73. 3:00republicans believe state militias
74. 3:03and a small navy are adequate to protect
75. 3:05the nation
76. 3:07now this
77. 3:13military policy is going to prove to be
78. 3:16a failure later on but we'll get to that
79. 3:21now jefferson is not not anti-military
80. 3:25under jefferson
81. 3:28the u.s army corps of engineers is
82. 3:31established
83. 3:35you hear a lot about the corps of
84. 3:36engineers nowadays especially when it
85. 3:38comes to floods
86. 3:39corps of engineers goes in helps fight
87. 3:41the floods
88. 3:43so jefferson creates the army corps of
89. 3:45engineers
90. 3:46he also creates the u.s military academy
91. 3:54at west point new york
92. 3:59jefferson believed the army needed
93. 4:01professional
94. 4:02officers trained professional officers
95. 4:05and so the u.s military academy is
96. 4:06established to train
97. 4:08officers for the army and their main
98. 4:11course of study was
99. 4:12get this engineering so he's kind of
100. 4:15killing two birds with one stone here
101. 4:17he's going to get a a group of
102. 4:19professional officers
103. 4:20graduating from the military academy and
104. 4:22they're going to be engineers
105. 4:25all right so he's not anti-military
106. 4:28now
107. 4:32the republicans are empowering remember
108. 4:34jefferson is republican
109. 4:37congress now has the house the senate
110. 4:39now i have republican majorities
111. 4:41they want to get rid of a lot of the
112. 4:42things that the federal has established
113. 4:44and one thing they're really targeting
114. 4:46is the judiciary act
115. 4:48of 1801 remember the judiciary act of
116. 4:511801
117. 4:53passed in february of 1801
118. 4:56not long before jefferson took office
119. 4:59established 16 new federal courts
120. 5:02the federalist president adams appointed
121. 5:0416 federalist
122. 5:05judges to those courts and remember
123. 5:08under the constitution federal judges
124. 5:09are appointed
125. 5:10for life life
126. 5:13and so the republicans want to get rid
127. 5:15of that it was a blatant attempt
128. 5:17by the federalists to control the
129. 5:19judicial branch of the government
130. 5:21and the republicans know that so in
131. 5:251802 the republican congress
132. 5:28repealed repealed the judiciary act
133. 5:32of 1801
134. 5:35now this brings back this brings up
135. 5:38another issue
136. 5:41judges those 16 judges are appointed for
137. 5:43life
138. 5:45well the republicans couldn't get rid of
139. 5:48the judges
140. 5:49so what the republicans did they got rid
141. 5:52of the courts
142. 5:54those 16 courts that the judges presided
143. 5:57over
144. 5:58those judges who were appointed are
145. 6:00still judges
146. 6:01but they do not have a court to preside
147. 6:04over
148. 6:04now i don't know if they still got paid
149. 6:08or not i would think they would
150. 6:10but i really don't know so that's how
151. 6:12they that's how the republicans got
152. 6:13around that one
153. 6:15okey-dokey now
154. 6:18for one of the great moments of american
155. 6:21history
156. 6:29grab your book
157. 6:33go to page three three four three three
158. 6:36four
159. 6:47three three four all right yeah
160. 6:51y'all remember uh as a result of the
161. 6:53american revolution the treaty of paris
162. 6:54that ended the war
163. 6:56uh no excuse me it was the uh
164. 7:00well one of those trees back then
165. 7:02whatever whichever one it was
166. 7:04spain gets this area of louisiana
167. 7:08between the mississippi river and the
168. 7:10rocky mountains
169. 7:11remember it was french but 1763 tree
170. 7:141763 tree spain gets that area
171. 7:18now go to page
172. 7:21334 under the louisiana purchase
173. 7:24kind of giving things away there uh
174. 7:27in 1801 american diplomats in europe
175. 7:30heard rumors that
176. 7:31spain had been forced to transport its
177. 7:34huge louisiana province back to france
178. 7:36now led by napoleon bonaparte remember
179. 7:38we talked about him last time
180. 7:40remember france is at war with all of
181. 7:42europe and
182. 7:43and including spain and they kind of
183. 7:46conquered spain at one point the french
184. 7:48do
185. 7:49um
186. 7:52if you go down to uh
187. 7:56down here third paragraph under
188. 7:58louisiana purchase
189. 8:00to prevent and it's assumed france wants
190. 8:03to return to north america
191. 8:04well to prevent france from seizing the
192. 8:06mississippi river which is an american
193. 8:08commercial lifeline
194. 8:10jefferson sent robert livingston to
195. 8:11paris in 1801 as ambassador
196. 8:14his primary objective was to acquire the
197. 8:17strategic port of new orleans
198. 8:20and also acquire west florida
199. 8:24what's florida here all right
200. 8:29so he sends livingston over to try to
201. 8:31buy new orleans
202. 8:33and west florida uh he's not having any
203. 8:36success
204. 8:38uh so jefferson sends his secretary of
205. 8:42state
206. 8:42and good friend james madison
207. 8:46we talked about him before last time in
208. 8:49lectures past
209. 8:50so he sent the secretary of state james
210. 8:51madison to help out
211. 8:53well all right so
212. 8:58madison gets there he joins up with
213. 8:59livingston and they're dealing
214. 9:01once again with their old buddy
215. 9:05over in france talleyrand
216. 9:10tall iran has managed to survive all
217. 9:12these french revolutions
218. 9:14by the way this is 1801 and that war
219. 9:16beat that began in 1793
220. 9:18still going on tally rand
221. 9:22meets with the americans and says oh yes
222. 9:25okay you want to buy
223. 9:26new orleans i guess that would be a good
224. 9:27deal for you americans
225. 9:29and then he says how would you like to
226. 9:32buy all of louisiana
227. 9:34all of louisiana well
228. 9:37the two americans weren't sure about
229. 9:39this you know their orders were by new
230. 9:41orleans and west florida
231. 9:44now they're being offered all of
232. 9:45louisiana you know what should they do
233. 9:47here
234. 9:47should they write a letter one or one of
235. 9:49them go back to jefferson and say what
236. 9:51do we do
237. 9:51it's going to take months you know going
238. 9:53across the atlantic and back
239. 9:55so the two decide to agree to that deal
240. 9:58so madison livingston agreed
241. 10:02to buy louisiana
242. 10:05the louisiana territory that's on the
243. 10:07map
244. 10:08on 337 that area between the mississippi
245. 10:11river and the rocky mountains
246. 10:16well
247. 10:19so they return to the united states the
248. 10:21two americans
249. 10:23every and they present jefferson with
250. 10:24this
251. 10:26new idea to buy louisiana jefferson
252. 10:28likes it
253. 10:30he knows we can't pass this up however
254. 10:33there's a little constitutional dilemma
255. 10:35here
256. 10:36remember the republicans believe in
257. 10:39literal interpretation of the
258. 10:40constitution
259. 10:41literal interpretation of the
260. 10:42constitution unless the constitution
261. 10:45specifically says the federal government
262. 10:46can do something
263. 10:48then the government cannot do it and
264. 10:50nowhere
265. 10:51nowhere in the constitution does it say
266. 10:53the government can buy
267. 10:55land from a foreign power
268. 10:59a little constitutional problem here
269. 11:02well jefferson thinks well okay let's
270. 11:03get a constitutional amendment to
271. 11:05authorize it
272. 11:06the constitutional amendments take a
273. 11:07long time to pass
274. 11:09and remember it takes a two-thirds
275. 11:11majority of the senate
276. 11:12two-thirds majority of the house three
277. 11:14force majority of the states
278. 11:16could be defeated at any one of those
279. 11:18points
280. 11:19well jefferson finds a back door around
281. 11:22this
282. 11:24he decides to put this land deal in the
283. 11:27form
284. 11:28of a treaty a treaty
285. 11:32treaties must be approved by a
286. 11:35two-thirds majority of the senate
287. 11:39just ascend remember constitutional
288. 11:41amendments two-thirds senate two-thirds
289. 11:43house
290. 11:44three-fourths of the states treaty has
291. 11:47to be approved by two-thirds of the
292. 11:48senate
293. 11:48so if you look at page 335 down the
294. 11:50middle there
295. 11:53down here the treaty of session as it
296. 11:57was called
297. 11:57dated may 2 1803 the united states
298. 12:01and france agreed that the united states
299. 12:03would buy
300. 12:08louisiana
301. 12:10for 15 million dollars your book says
302. 12:14three cents per acre three cents per
303. 12:17acre
304. 12:19828 000 square miles indicated yes
305. 12:23828 000 square miles
306. 12:36or 512
307. 12:39million acres 15 million
308. 12:42one of the great land deals in all
309. 12:45of history
310. 12:52i love this quote when livingston
311. 12:55monroe asked taliran napoleon's
312. 12:58negotiator about the precise extent of
313. 13:00the territory they're buying in other
314. 13:02words
315. 13:02where does it cover the frenchman
316. 13:05replied
317. 13:06i can give you no direction you have
318. 13:08made a noble bargain for yourselves
319. 13:10i suppose you will make the most of it
320. 13:12in other words he didn't really know
321. 13:14all right this uh was approved
322. 13:18by
323. 13:21the senate
324. 13:25i think the vote was 26 to 6.
325. 13:28so that was i think they needed
326. 13:3120 22 23 whatever it was
327. 13:34for a two-thirds majority so they got
328. 13:37that
329. 13:38so united states paul louisiana and if
330. 13:41you look down at the bottom there
331. 13:44down here in the end jefferson's desire
332. 13:48to double the size of the republic trump
333. 13:49his concerns about an
334. 13:51unconstitutional exercise of executive
335. 13:53power
336. 13:54so yes he got around the constitutional
337. 13:58issue through a backdoor of turning the
338. 14:01matter
339. 14:02into a treaty as opposed to a straight
340. 14:06land deal
341. 14:08all right now
342. 14:16the u.s bought louisiana territory
343. 14:18basically sight unseen
344. 14:23so now jefferson wants to know what the
345. 14:24heck is that he bought
346. 14:28so he asked honey so he wants to know
347. 14:30what's out there
348. 14:38so he calls him two of his friends
349. 14:42william clark and meriwether lewis
350. 14:47william clark and merryweather lewis
351. 14:49lewis and clark
352. 15:00he tells him you know you probably heard
353. 15:01about louisiana oh yeah good deal
354. 15:03well i want you two guys to go out there
355. 15:06and find out exactly what it is we
356. 15:07bought
357. 15:09so all right so uh congress appropriates
358. 15:122500
359. 15:15for an expedition for lewis and clark to
360. 15:18lead to find out what's
361. 15:19in louisiana and uh
362. 15:23the goals were collect
363. 15:26data about various plants
364. 15:29animals rivers find out if the indians
365. 15:33in the region are friendly to the
366. 15:34americans the british or somebody else
367. 15:38um and also to see if the missouri river
368. 15:42which goes right through the louisiana
369. 15:44purchase
370. 15:44see if the missouri river is the still
371. 15:46sought after
372. 15:48northwest passage all right
373. 15:51so willis and clark may 1804 lewis and
374. 15:54clark and 48 men
375. 15:57head up the missouri river from st
376. 16:00louis and up the river
377. 16:03by the time winter comes they're in what
378. 16:05is today north dakota
379. 16:07and they built a fort here called fort
380. 16:09mandan they spend the winter there
381. 16:11not the best place to spend the winter i
382. 16:13can tell you from personal experience
383. 16:15temperatures are often 20 below zero but
384. 16:18come spring they start out again and
385. 16:21they come across uh
386. 16:22they find a guy they find a guy a young
387. 16:25shoshone
388. 16:26indian woman by the name of well she
389. 16:29goes by
390. 16:29several names we'll go buy sakura kawaii
391. 16:31here sakaka with sakaka
392. 16:35she's about 16 years old she's married
393. 16:37to a french fur trader and she's like
394. 16:39eight months pregnant and so they pick
395. 16:42her up as a guide
396. 16:43and translator uh eventually they
397. 16:46continue up the missouri river
398. 16:49they come to a place called three forks
399. 16:50montana today
400. 16:52and this is where they learn well the
401. 16:53missouri river is not
402. 16:55the northwest passage it has its sources
403. 16:57up in the
404. 16:58in the in the rocky mountains they go up
405. 17:01into the rocky mountains
406. 17:02they find they come to sacagawea's home
407. 17:04village she stays there
408. 17:06lewis and clark continue on as you can
409. 17:09see here
410. 17:10eventually they cross the rocky
411. 17:12mountains
412. 17:14to the columbia river here which today
413. 17:16is the border between washington and
414. 17:17oregon
415. 17:18and there they go to the pacific ocean
416. 17:21all the way to the pacific
417. 17:22they build a fort there you can see fort
418. 17:24clattsop
419. 17:25they spend the winter of 180506 there
420. 17:30they didn't like it there they hated it
421. 17:32there was rainy
422. 17:33coal yucky well
423. 17:37in the spring of 1806
424. 17:40they head back along the columbia river
425. 17:44back over the rocky mountains only this
426. 17:46time when they get on the eastern side
427. 17:47of the rockies the expedition splits
428. 17:51louis goes back along the missouri river
429. 17:54here
430. 17:55lewis goes back along the missouri river
431. 17:56the same route they went on
432. 17:58clark however leads the expeditionary a
433. 18:00southern route along the yellowstone
434. 18:02river
435. 18:03now lewis and clark and the expedition
436. 18:05camped in a whole lot of places along
437. 18:07the way here
438. 18:09and a lot of those campsites well
439. 18:11they're underwater now because of dams
440. 18:13but there's only one one physical piece
441. 18:16of evidence of the lewis and clark
442. 18:17ever being out there and this is a place
443. 18:21called pompei's pillar
444. 18:22and this is in montana it's near
445. 18:24billings montana today
446. 18:28it's a limestone small limestone butte
447. 18:32kinda like this and the yellowstone
448. 18:35river runs along the northern side of it
449. 18:38it's very soft rock william clark
450. 18:42carved his name into this
451. 18:45pillar it was named pompey after
452. 18:47sakakawea's kid
453. 18:50and one clark carved his name in there
454. 18:53it's still there today
455. 18:54it's either a national park or montana
456. 18:56state park but you can go there today
457. 18:58and see william clark's name carved into
458. 19:01that
459. 19:02soft sandstone and of course when
460. 19:05as americans moved west and they saw
461. 19:07clarks staying carved into the rock well
462. 19:09they had to carve their
463. 19:10name in there too it's protected today
464. 19:12by a
465. 19:13glass bulletproof glass i understand it
466. 19:15is so
467. 19:16there you go the only evidence of the
468. 19:19lewis and clark expedition
469. 19:21palm-based pillar near billings montana
470. 19:24off
471. 19:25i-94 i think it is all right so
472. 19:28eventually the two reunite the
473. 19:30clark's group and part and lewis clark
474. 19:32reunite
475. 19:34where the yellowstone and the missouri
476. 19:35right there meet there then they make
477. 19:37their way back
478. 19:38down to st willis they were gone
479. 19:42from may 1804
480. 19:49to september 1806 over two years
481. 19:53one of the most successful expeditions
482. 19:55of all time
483. 19:56they mapped the area learned about the
484. 19:59plants and the animals
485. 20:00found out the indians were friendly to
486. 20:02the americans or somebody else it turns
487. 20:03out
488. 20:04the indians were friendly or loyal to
489. 20:06whoever happened to be there at the time
490. 20:09lewis and parker are you loyal to the
491. 20:11british or the americans all the
492. 20:12americans of course of course they leave
493. 20:14the british government
494. 20:14oil to the british all right uh they
495. 20:18made note of plants and animals they
496. 20:20brought some plants and animals back
497. 20:21back with them and of course they
498. 20:24learned that the missouri river is
499. 20:25not the northwest passage
500. 20:28uh and as a result of lewis and clark's
501. 20:31expedition
502. 20:32the united states lays a claim to this
503. 20:35this what's called the pacific northwest
504. 20:37area
505. 20:37of today oregon and washington all right
506. 20:40an extremely extremely successful
507. 20:43expedition
508. 20:46but that wasn't the only expedition that
509. 20:47got sent out
510. 20:49well anyway we'll pick that one up next
511. 20:52time
512. 20:53all right there's another expedition
513. 20:55that goes out west that explores another
514. 20:57section
515. 20:58of the louisiana purchase we will take
516. 21:01that up
517. 21:02next time okay we'll see you then
518. 21:07bye-bye