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1301 Lecture 26 For & Dom Affairs — Transcript

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0:02hey
0:03art one back at ya here we go uh the
0:06united states
0:07is having some foreign issues with
0:09france
0:10with great britain and also with spain
0:13spain remember another one of our allies
0:16in the american revolution um
0:19having trouble with spain now with
0:21pinkney street are assuming
0:23jay's treaty remember uh point number
0:26seven
0:27the british and the americans could
0:28navigate the mississippi river through
0:30spanish territory
0:31now the united states is having trouble
0:33with spain regarding the southern border
0:35of the united states and the northern
0:36border of florida
0:38the united st go to the map on page 310
0:42310.
0:45there's florida here the united states
0:48claims that the border is down here
0:50between spanish florida and the us
0:53the spanish are claiming the borders way
0:55up in here
0:56so this purple area is all disputed
0:58territory
0:59excuse me excuse me
1:03[Music]
1:05yes purple air is all disputed territory
1:07and that's been that way
1:09since the treaty of paris of 1783 so you
1:12know look about
1:1320 years now excuse me no 10 years i'm
1:16sorry 10 years
1:17also the spanish have threatened to cut
1:20off
1:20american shipping along the mississippi
1:23river
1:24americans are allowed to ship goods
1:27down the mississippi to new orleans and
1:29then off to the gulf of mexico
1:31and around the world the spanish are
1:33threatening to cut this off
1:35all right then comes jay's treaty
1:38whereby the british and the americans
1:40can navigate the mississippi through
1:41spanish territory
1:43the spanish are paranoid
1:46about the us they believe the us is
1:49gonna
1:49is plotting to take over florida
1:52and this jay's treaty this point on j's
1:56treaty
1:57solidifies that paranoia now the spanish
2:00believe it's a combined
2:01american british conspiracy
2:05to throw the spanish out of florida and
2:07possibly the new world as a whole
2:10so with that the spanish all of a sudden
2:13become very
2:14very very conciliatory they're willing
2:16to negotiate a treaty
2:19on terms very favorable to the united
2:22states and that treaty is pinkness tree
2:25this is thomas pinckney pinkney is
2:27treated with spain
2:28also 1795. under the terms of pygmies
2:32treaty the united states is to have free
2:34navigation of the mississippi
2:36that's good americans can deposit goods
2:39at the mouth of the mississippi
2:40for shipment the border is this one here
2:43the 31st parallel
2:45so the united states gets all of that
2:47disputed territory
2:49and the western border of the us is once
2:51again set
2:52at the mississippi river the u.s gets
2:55everything it wants in pinkney's tree
2:58everything at once because the spanish
3:00are paranoid
3:01the americans and the british are
3:03conspiring to take over florida to throw
3:05spain out of the new world
3:07well the british and the americans were
3:09not conspiring to do that
3:11but the british and the americans
3:13especially the americans did play
3:15on those fears of the spanish all right
3:19so spanish big case treaty
3:22with spain all right
3:25there are a couple of domestic issues
3:28that are facing the united states
3:31go to page 308 308.
3:36page 308 a little thing called the
3:38whiskey rebellion whiskey rebellion
3:41now under the constitution congress can
3:45impose what's called an
3:46excise tax
3:50excise tax this is a tax on a particular
3:53product in this case the product is
3:57whiskey
3:58now some other examples of excise taxes
4:01when you buy gasoline
4:03you pay a government tax that's an
4:05excise tax
4:12yeah that's an excellent example an
4:14excise tax is a tax on a particular
4:16product
4:17as i said in this case whiskey well in
4:201791
4:21congress imposes an excise tax on
4:24whiskey this was
4:27very unpopular as you might imagine
4:31it was pushed by hamilton as part of his
4:33plan to raise money to pay off the debt
4:36the greatest opposition came from
4:38western farmers
4:40now western farmers
4:43would grow their grain their wheat the
4:45corn other things
4:47and they would take their excess part
4:50product and turn it into whiskey
4:55they would make the whiskey themselves
4:58and now that i have to pay a tax on
5:01now whiskey brought a higher price
5:06than the products used to make it
5:08whiskey apparently was easier to
5:09transport
5:10and plus of course the farmers would
5:12have to sample their product before they
5:14sent it out to the general public
5:16and of course uh saloon owners would pay
5:19the higher price now
5:21and then the consumers would then pay
5:23the higher price
5:24so it all goes down the line there so
5:27western farmers do not like this
5:29and
5:33in the summer of 1794 discontent over
5:36this tax
5:38broke into an open rebellion
5:41in western pennsylvania western
5:43pennsylvania
5:46according to the book home to a fourth
5:48of the nation's whiskey stills
5:50one-fourth of the nation's whiskey
5:51stills in western pennsylvania
5:53a mob also based really a mob of angry
5:56farmers
5:57threatened to assault nearby pittsburgh
6:00loot the homes of the rich set the town
6:01ablaze
6:03and a rebellion was officially started
6:08the u.s uh tax collectors were met with
6:11resistance here we go again
6:13with with the you know the boston tea
6:15party and all that
6:16tax collectors are getting threatened
6:18tax collectors are getting beat up
6:20on august 7 1794
6:28so that's threatening pittsburgh august
6:307 1794 president washington
6:32orders these whiskey rebels as they're
6:35called
6:36orders the whiskey rebels to cease these
6:38illegal activities
6:40and to show him in business he called
6:43out
6:43thirteen thousand state militia thirteen
6:47thousand state militia
6:50from four states
6:55pennsylvania whether with the rebellion
6:57is taking place
7:03virginia which borders pennsylvania
7:05maryland which also borders pennsylvania
7:10and new jersey which also borders
7:11pennsylvania 13 000 militia troops are
7:14called out
7:15now remember shane's rebellion under the
7:17article's confederation
7:18the national government could not do
7:20this could not do this
7:22but under the constitution the president
7:24can do this
7:25so he calls out 13 000 militia from
7:27these four states
7:33and for the first and only time in
7:36american history
7:38the president of the united states in
7:39his role as commander-in-chief
7:42leads troops this is on page 309 this
7:45picture of 309.
7:46this is george washington president
7:48washington he has his rna uniform on
7:51he's going to lead the troops in his
7:53role as commander-in-chief
7:54and of course you see he's on the white
7:56horse you know everything else is kind
7:58of dark
7:58that white horse stands out washington's
8:01horse is bigger than this one
8:02washington is bigger than this other guy
8:04washington is standing out in this
8:07picture
8:09he actually does do this he goes these
8:12these militia forces are assembled
8:14he dons his military uniform and goes
8:16out and
8:18appears before them however
8:22when the militia goes into western
8:23pennsylvania george washington does
8:26not go then this is the only time an
8:28american history president has done that
8:30did abraham lincoln man the wall at
8:32gettysburg during the civil war
8:34no did woodrow wilson and world war one
8:38man a trench in the western front no
8:41did franklin roosevelt roll his
8:43wheelchair down a landing ramp on omaha
8:45beach on d-day in world war
8:47ii no did president bush
8:50ii president obama lead a patrol on a
8:54combat mission in afghanistan or iraq
8:56no this is the only time the president
9:00did this
9:00in the role of commander-in-chief well
9:03all right
9:04these militia move into western
9:05pennsylvania
9:07the whiskey rebels learn about it
9:11discretion being the better part of
9:13valor the rebellion is broken up
9:17i think there was there were a few shots
9:20hired i believe
9:31let's see oh
9:35we yes the whisker uh well apparently
9:37yeah shots were fired but
9:39uh the huge on page 308 near the bottom
9:44the huge army commanded by virginia's
9:46governor henry lighthouse harry lee
9:48panicked the whiskey rebels who vanished
9:50into the hills
9:52two dozen whiskey rebels were charged
9:53with high treason
9:55and two were sentenced to hang so two or
9:58two were sentenced to hang
10:00found guilty of treason but both of them
10:02were pardoned
10:03by president washington i believe
10:05president obama
10:06he pardoned them on the grounds that one
10:08was a quote simpleton
10:10and the other was quote insane i think
10:13he was just making something up he
10:15didn't want to execute these people
10:17but all right so the whiskey rebellion
10:19is broken up
10:20very few if any shots are fired
10:25the federal government asserted its
10:26authority here
10:29by suppressing this rebellion
10:32the new government hamilton believed had
10:35gained reputation
10:36and strength
10:40constitutionally george washington could
10:42do exactly what he did
10:44now
10:48at this point we're getting sort of
10:50unofficial political parties
10:57there are the federalists who get their
10:58name from the constitution days they
11:00support the constitution they want a
11:01strong national government
11:03and then there are the republicans
11:06these are unofficial political parties
11:10the federalists believe that the
11:11republicans started this whiskey
11:13rebellion
11:14to promote civil unrest and to undermine
11:17the authority
11:18of the federalist dominated government
11:21the the federalists believe that the
11:24so-called republicans
11:25are using this as a as a means to
11:28possibly overthrow the federalists in
11:30the government
11:34hamilton washington or federalist thomas
11:36jefferson james madison
11:38they're republicans by the way that's
11:39not the same as the republicans today
11:42republicans not not the same as
11:44republican state
11:45republicans led by jefferson madison
11:47they said no we didn't start that
11:49rebellion
11:49well we know who did we know who did it
11:52was you federalists who started the
11:53rebellion
11:54because those farmers who were engaged
11:57in the rebellion
11:58the vast majority of them tend to side
12:01with the republicans
12:03so the republicans believe this whole
12:05thing was an excuse by the federalists
12:07to send a military force into this
12:09republican area of western pennsylvania
12:12and squash squash the republican
12:15opposition
12:19well the reality is
12:22both of them are wrong this was simply a
12:25discontent
12:26over an unpopular tax that quite frankly
12:29got out of hand
12:31that's all but you know we have
12:33conspiracy theories today
12:35well it's nothing new nothing new
12:381794 conspiracy theories over the
12:42whiskey rebellion
12:48all right there's also some other
12:52trouble
12:52out west a little further west some
12:55indian troll
12:57and what is today the state of ohio
13:06put the wrong way on the book all right
13:09turn to the map on page 307 307
13:14remember
13:17the british or occupying those forts in
13:20the northwest
13:22the british are trading with indians in
13:24the north northwest and by the northwest
13:26we mean
13:27the area north of the ohio river here
13:30and west of the appalachians this area
13:32in here
13:35that's the northwest bordered by the
13:37great lakes in the north
13:43americans are starting to move into that
13:45area
13:47the land is being surveyed americans are
13:49buying the land
13:50americans are moving in the indians
13:53don't like it
13:54the british don't like it so the british
13:57start supplying guns to indians to
14:00attack
14:01americans and quite frankly there are
14:04some americans who are
14:05attacking the indians also but so
14:08the british are supplying guns to the
14:10indians the british don't want the
14:11americans there
14:12well in 1790 george washington ordered
14:16an army
14:16into that area the indians are united
14:21in stopping the expansion of the
14:23americans into this area
14:24the indians are united in 1790
14:27washington orders an army to go in
14:29this army is thoroughly defeated by the
14:31indians
14:331791 washington sends a second army
14:37into the area and once again
14:40this army is thoroughly defeated by the
14:43indians
14:44these two defeats are big embarrassments
14:46to the united states
14:48big embarrassments to the army well
14:51george washington decides to send a
14:53third army in
14:55but this was going to be commanded by
14:57one of his
14:58generals from the revolution
15:11general mad anthony wayne this this
15:14nickname
15:15mad is a nickname he got in the
15:17revolution
15:18for some things he did there now i don't
15:21want to second guess george washington
15:23one of our greatest presidents
15:25but if i had a general in my army
15:28and his nickname was mad i think i'd
15:32send him first
15:33not third so he appoints general matt
15:35anthony wayne
15:36washington does to raise a new army and
15:38go in and take care of these indians
15:41well general wayne studied why
15:44the army was defeated by these those
15:46previous two armies were defeated by the
15:48indians
15:50so he studied that and he he one day he
15:53realized those two armies were not
15:54properly trained
15:56in fighting indians so he raised a new
15:58army
15:59and trained them thoroughly trained them
16:02in the ways to properly fight indians
16:06and also another thing going for him the
16:08indians start to get cocky
16:09yeah you sent that first army in and we
16:12whooped their butts
16:13and then you sent a second army in and
16:15we whooped their butts too
16:16you can send all the armies in you want
16:18and we will whip all their butts they
16:20get overconfident
16:22in the military you never never never
16:24underestimate your enemy
16:26and the indians are doing that plus
16:28another thing
16:29that unity that the indians had it's
16:32starting to break up
16:33starting to break up so in 1794
16:38this new army goes in under that anthony
16:41wayne
16:42and they engaged the indians and they
16:45thoroughly this new army under general
16:47wayne
16:48they route the indians august 20 1794
16:58at the battle of fallen timbers is in
17:02ohio
17:05battle fallen timbers at the western end
17:08of lake superior or
17:10not superior lake erie i'm sorry battle
17:12of fallen timbers
17:13western end of lake erie here in what's
17:16on the ohio michigan border so i'm not
17:18really sure if it's in ohio or michigan
17:20but there you go general wayne's army
17:23thoroughly defeats the indians
17:24and he doesn't stop there he follows up
17:27this victory
17:28by attacking various indian villages all
17:30around that area
17:31destroying one indian village after
17:33another one at a time
17:35and destroying their means of existence
17:38this is a thorough thorough thorough
17:41total war victory on the part of general
17:44wayne
17:45and his army and it results in
17:48the treaty of grenville this is page 307
17:51it's the map
17:51the treaty of grenville this is the
17:53third big treaty of 1795.
17:55the treaty of grenville the indians
17:58surrender the vast bulk of their
17:59territory
18:00in what is today the state of ohio all
18:02this green area here
18:04the indians surrender that to the united
18:06states
18:08large chunk of ohio so trudeau grenville
18:11the indians surrender a large chunk of
18:13their area in what is today
18:15the state of ohio and indian power
18:18in this area is destroyed by general
18:21wayne
18:22so third big treaty of 1795
18:26to go along with jay's treaty and
18:28pinkney street
18:30well okie doke there you go
18:35i want to mention one thing those
18:37political parties i mentioned
18:38that are you raised tribalist
18:40republicans they are unofficial
18:42at this point unofficial
18:45but hang on all right so okay well
18:48that's it for this lecture
18:50so we'll see you next time bye-bye

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