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1301 Lecture 25 Foreign Affairs — Transcript

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0:03hey 1301 here we go again
0:06uh the united states the new united
0:08states
0:09is having some trouble on the diplomatic
0:12scene foreign affairs
0:141789 same year of the united states
0:17begins under the constitution
0:20well over in france the french
0:22revolution begins in 1789.
0:24and i'm not going to go into a lot of
0:25detail but french revolution but
0:27eventually uh the french revolution uh
0:31gets a little crazy uh the monarch the
0:33french monarchy is overthrown the people
0:35in france rise up
0:37and they overthrow the monarchy and i
0:40believe it was in 1792
0:42that the king louis xvi is executed
0:46by guillotine his head gets chopped off
0:48his wife
0:49marie antoinette you probably know her
0:51more than you know louis xvi
0:52she also gets her head chopped up well
0:56french revolution is not just one
0:59revolution it's actually a
1:01series of revolutions french revolution
1:03is a series of revolutions
1:04that's going to last uh about 26 years
1:07so
1:08refer to it from time to time right so
1:10the french
1:12people rise up against the monarchy
1:13against the absolute dictatorial
1:15monarchy
1:16uh and want more of those rights like
1:20life
1:20liberty pursuit of happiness all right
1:23so they do await the monarchy
1:25now in the united states uh
1:28alexander hamilton one of the leaders of
1:31the government secretary of the treasury
1:33he thought this was terrible absolutely
1:34terrible uh
1:36the kind of this common rabble this
1:39common
1:40rabble of people rising up against their
1:43betters against those superior to them
1:46and
1:46overthrowing them thomas jefferson
1:50thought it was great this is democracy
1:52in action as he saw it people don't like
1:54that government
1:55you know john locke's theories people
1:57don't like that government
1:58they rise up against that government and
2:00overthrow it
2:01and hope to establish a new government
2:04that will respect their rights
2:07well as far as the revolution was
2:09concerned well no let's jump ahead
2:11i mentioned the french revolution is a
2:13series of revolutions
2:15so there's that one that overthrew the
2:16monarchy and then there's another one
2:18that happens
2:20and this new french revolutionary
2:22government
2:24wants to spread this french revolution
2:26all across
2:27europe they want to destroy monarchies
2:31all over europe do away with monarchy
2:35for good in europe get rid of them all
2:37so that's what they want to do
2:39well on february 1 1789.
2:47looks going to be 1793 i'm sorry
2:49february 1
2:501793. now a lot of a lot of stuff has
2:53preceded this but bear with
2:55uh february 1 1793 france this
2:58revolutionary france
2:59declares war on great britain
3:03okay now
3:09the french expect the united states to
3:11help them
3:12remember the 1778 french american
3:15alliance
3:16france helped the united states in the
3:18american revolutionary war
3:20and and and the alliance says that
3:22france and the united states are
3:24bffs forever and france
3:28automatically thinks okay we're at war
3:31with great britain now
3:33the united states must help us in this
3:36war
3:36under the terms of the alliance
3:40well president washington
3:43believed that the united states should
3:45stay out of the french revolution
3:47the united states should stay out of
3:49that war a war
3:52for the united states at this point
3:53would be a disaster to this new
3:55government you know
3:56this is 1793 the the united states has
3:59only been under the constitution for
4:00four years
4:01a war could be disastrous economically
4:04politically
4:05disastrous washington wants to stay out
4:08of the french revolution
4:10now hamilton argues that the 1778
4:14french american alliance is no longer
4:17valid
4:18no longer ballot because hamilton argues
4:22the alliance was made with the french
4:24monarchy government
4:27that monarchy government has been
4:29overthrown
4:30monarchy has been overthrown the king's
4:32been executed
4:33there's this new revolutionary
4:35government so hamilton says no no
4:37we made that treaty with the monarchy
4:40government
4:41it is no longer valid
4:44jefferson takes the other side jefferson
4:46says no
4:48the treaty the alliance is still
4:51valid because jefferson says it was made
4:54with the french
4:55people not with any particular
4:57government but with the french people
4:59therefore still valid
5:03well president washington
5:08finds a way out of this mess
5:11that's not working
5:19on april 22 1793 george washington
5:22issues a statement that came to be known
5:26as the proclamation
5:28of neutrality proclamation of neutrality
5:35under this proclamation of neutrality
5:39president washington states that the
5:41united states
5:42is neutral neutrality
5:46the united states is neutral in the
5:49french british
5:50war we are not taking sides we
5:53are friends with the french we are
5:55friends with the british we want to
5:56conduct business
5:57as usual with the warring apartments
6:00france great britain
6:02so u.s is very neutral and why
6:06now washington said he also said that
6:08the 1778 french american alliance
6:11is still valid
6:14the alliance is still valid washington
6:16said however
6:18as far as the united states being
6:20obligated to help the french in this war
6:22by virtue of the alliance president
6:24washington said
6:26since france started the war france
6:29declared war on great britain
6:31since france started the war the united
6:34states is not
6:35obligated to help france because
6:37president washington points out
6:40this was a defensive alliance
6:50a defensive alliance in other words if
6:52great britain
6:53had declared war on france
6:57then the united states would be
6:59obligated to help the french under the
7:01alliance
7:02if great britain declared war in france
7:04the us would be obligated to help france
7:06however that's not what happened france
7:09started the war
7:13france was the aggressor and according
7:16to the alliance the united states is
7:18then
7:19not not obligated to help the french
7:22in this war with the british so the
7:25united states is going to be neutral
7:27we are still friends with the warring
7:29powers we want to conduct business
7:30as usual with the warning powers
7:34now all right this revolutionary french
7:38government
7:39sends an ambassador to the united states
7:50he arrives in the united states he's on
7:53page 305 of the book
7:55arrives in the united states in south
7:57carolina april
7:591793 and he's greeted with wild
8:02enthusiastic crowds in america
8:04the american people embrace the french
8:06revolution just like the united states
8:08in 1776
8:10rose up against a tyrannical monarchy
8:13the french people have also done the
8:15same thing
8:17so the american people have sort of a uh
8:19a kindred spirit with this
8:21edward janae is greeted with wild
8:22enthusiastic crowds wherever he goes in
8:24america
8:25however however
8:28he begins to overstep his bounds
8:31as an ambassador to the united states
8:36he lets he lets sorry he lets it be
8:40known that he is hiring
8:41american ships american ships called
8:44privateers
8:51he is hiring americans and their ships
8:53as privateers
8:54to go out on the high seas and capture
8:57british ships
8:58which of course would help france in
9:00their war
9:02this is a blatant violation of
9:04washington's proclamation of neutrality
9:07but janae lets it be known he's hiring
9:09american ships to do that
9:11he also lets it be known that he is
9:14hiring mercenaries
9:15mercenaries soldiers of fortune hired
9:18soldiers
9:20to form an army and he's going to use
9:23the u.s as a base of operations
9:25with this private army to conquer
9:31spanish louisiana spanish florida
9:35and british canada so janae
9:38janae wants to hire these mercenaries
9:40private soldiers
9:42to wage war use the us as a base of
9:45operations to try to conquer
9:46spanish florida spanish louisiana and
9:49british
9:50canada and
9:53another blatant violation of the
9:55alliance by the way
9:58and a blatant violation of washington's
10:01neutrality
10:03well janae didn't stop at that he didn't
10:06stop at the private tears he didn't stop
10:08at hiring that private army no
10:10he demands he demands he doesn't request
10:14he doesn't ask he doesn't say please
10:19he demands that president washington
10:22call congress into session so that
10:25congress
10:26can choose between washington's
10:29neutrality
10:31and janae's program which would get the
10:33us into this war
10:36and he threatened janae threatened
10:40that if president washington did not do
10:42this
10:44then janae said he would take his case
10:46directly
10:47to the american people who are loving
10:50him
10:52well this was even too much for the
10:57french
10:57loving thomas jefferson jefferson loved
10:59the french
11:01he had been under the articles
11:02confederation jefferson had been the
11:04american
11:04ambassador to france this was even too
11:08much
11:09for the french loving jefferson
11:13george washington ordered janae
11:16to leave the country president can do
11:18that
11:19he orders janae to leave the country
11:22however
11:24remember he said the french revolution
11:25was a series of revolutions
11:28well another revolution has occurred
11:31in france the government that sent
11:34cheney
11:34has been overthrown janae knows
11:38for a fact that if he goes back to
11:41france
11:43he's going to be arrested and he's going
11:45to be executed
11:46on the guillotine his head getting
11:48chopped off this is something about all
11:50these french revolutions they always do
11:51away with the previous
11:53power they always do away with the
11:55previous government and all their
11:56supporters the guillotine
11:57was running a long time
12:00a lot of heads were getting chopped off
12:04so janae knows he goes back to france
12:05he's just going to literally lose his
12:07head well what he does
12:08he doesn't go back to france what he
12:10does he marries
12:12an american woman but not just any
12:15american woman
12:16he marries the daughter
12:19of the new york governor the new york
12:21state governor
12:23with that he is allowed to stay into the
12:26united states
12:28and more importantly he gets to keep his
12:29head and he kind of lived a very quiet
12:32life after that didn't draw attention to
12:34himself
12:35yeah he wanted to keep his head
12:37literally keep his head
12:40well all right now during all this
12:47during this war between
12:50let me erase this thing on
13:01so in the war between france and great
13:02britain
13:04u.s is officially neutral
13:09and that doesn't sit well especially
13:11with the french as you can imagine
13:15but it really does really doesn't sit
13:17well with the british
13:18either
13:22the united states as a neutral
13:27is exercising what's called freedom of
13:29the seeds
13:37as a neutral the united states can trade
13:41with all of the warring powers france
13:43great britain the united states wants to
13:44carry on business as usual
13:46france and great britain we want to
13:48trade as usual
13:49with france and great britain well
13:54the french and the british don't quite
13:55see it that way
13:57the british tell the americans oh you
13:58can trade with us all you want but don't
14:00go trading with those nasty french
14:03the french oh you can trade with us all
14:05you want but don't go trading with those
14:06stinking british
14:11well the british in order to
14:15the freedom of the seas
14:19french and the british don't agree with
14:20it and the british
14:22start capturing american ships
14:25they're heading for france with trading
14:27goods they begin capturing american
14:29ships
14:31and their crews
14:34well this doesn't sit well with the
14:36united states as you can imagine
14:39there's a demand in congress some wanted
14:42war
14:42with great britain over this issue these
14:46pro-war people were being led by
14:48alexander hamilton
14:50now as i mentioned earlier a war at this
14:54time for the united states would be an
14:55absolute disaster
14:59washington seeks a peaceful settlement
15:03so he sends to great britain to try to
15:06work something out
15:07the chief justice of the united states
15:11john jay now apparently the chief
15:13justice didn't have a lot to do back
15:14then
15:15and john jay was one of the leading
15:16diplomats during the articles of
15:17confederation period
15:19so he sends john jay uh to great britain
15:22to try to work something out
15:23well and jay does eventually a treaty
15:27is is negotiated and you have a handout
15:30today
15:31jay's treaty of great britain this is 17
15:34uh
15:3490 uh was it
15:381790
15:481795. yeah 17.95 sorry
15:52lost it there for a minute j's treaty
15:54negotiated 1795.
15:56now
15:59we'll go through these points here under
16:00the terms of j's treaty
16:03the british would give up their
16:04northwest sports if they could still
16:05trade with the indians
16:06remember under the treaty of paris that
16:08ended the war the british were supposed
16:10to get out
16:11of those northwest forts and that was a
16:13problem with the articles confederation
16:15well now the british are still in those
16:17northwest forts
16:19violating the treaty of 1783 the treaty
16:22of paris
16:23so the british say we'll get out of the
16:24northwest sports if they can still trade
16:26with the indians okay the u.s agrees
16:29the british would pay for captured
16:30american ships if the u.s would pay its
16:32pre-revolutionary war deaths to great
16:34britain
16:34remember we mentioned earlier back i
16:36don't know how many lectures ago
16:37the united states owed money to british
16:41citizens banks for pre-revolutionary war
16:44debts
16:44the americans have not paid that yet
16:46that was all part of that
16:47uh reported public credit remember so
16:49all right we'll
16:50they'll the british will pay for
16:51capturing american ships will pay
16:53pre-revolutionary war debts okay so a
16:55couple compromises there now
16:56number three the british would give no
16:59guarantee they would stop the
17:00impressment of american sailors thought
17:02to be british that's the
17:03impressment is the capturing of these
17:05american sailors
17:06british crew british ships would stop
17:07the american ship they had the crew
17:09lineup
17:09they were looking for british deserters
17:11from the british navy and they go yeah
17:13you
17:13you your deserts from the british navy
17:15you're coming with us and sometimes they
17:17would grab
17:18people who were not british disorders
17:20natural-born american citizens
17:22well the birth said no we're not going
17:23to stop the impressment of these sailors
17:25the british were not compensating
17:27american slave owners for slaves
17:28kidnapped or freed by the british during
17:30the revolution
17:31southerners of course did not like that
17:33one
17:34the united states could not trade with
17:36france during france's war with great
17:37britain
17:38american trade with the british west
17:40indies was restricted
17:42and the british and the americans could
17:43navigate the mississippi river through
17:45spanish territory
17:46now this treaty is definitely
17:48pro-british you know number one is a
17:50nice compromise the british got out of
17:51the force
17:52things don't trade with the indians two
17:54the british pay for captured american
17:55ships
17:56americans pay the pre-revolutionary war
17:57debts but the rest of it
17:59is pretty much pro-british jay comes
18:02back with this treaty
18:04it becomes public
18:07it's pretty in the newspapers the
18:09american public does not
18:11like it this is definitely pro-british
18:13treaty they do
18:14not like it jay is criticized for
18:17negotiating it
18:19it has to be approved by a two-thirds
18:21vote of the senate which it
18:22is the senators who voted in favor of
18:25the treaty
18:26are criticized president washington
18:28signs it
18:29he's criticized criticizing george
18:32washington george washington's like next
18:36to god
18:36god better look out
18:40a lot of criticism over this treaty it
18:42was probably the best treaty jay could
18:44have gotten
18:47most importantly it avoided war with
18:50great britain
18:52avoiding war of great britain but in the
18:54long run in the long run
18:56in the long run this training proved to
18:59be very good
19:00because between 1795
19:03when the treaty was enacted in 1800
19:10trade with great britain increased 300
19:131795 1800 as a result of j's treaty
19:17american trade with great britain
19:18increased 300 percent and that is good
19:20for american businesses
19:22that is good for the american economy so
19:25all right
19:26jay's treaty not popular
19:30heavily criticized but in the long run
19:32it kept the united states out of
19:34disastrous war an unneeded war
19:37and economically it proved to be very
19:40good
19:41so j street it's the first of three
19:44major treaties in the year 1795
19:48and we'll pick up the next two
19:51next time so we'll see you then folks
19:58bye

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