【室町時代】129.1 享徳の乱はなぜ始まったのか【日本史】 — Transcript

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1. 0:02The 5th Kamakura Kubō, Ashikaga Shigeuji.
2. 0:05His uprising marked the beginning of the Warring States period in the Kanto region.
3. 0:08This was the Kyōtoku Rebellion.
4. 0:10How did the Kyōtoku Rebellion, which lasted for about 28 years, begin?
5. 0:18overview.
6. 0:20Hello everyone.
7. 0:22This time I will tell you about the beginning of the Kyōtoku Rebellion.
8. 0:26This war is not well known.
9. 0:29Where did that happen?
10. 0:30It happened in the Kanto region, where one-third of the Japanese population is said to currently live.
11. 0:35In other words, the Kyōtoku Rebellion that I will be talking about from now on has significance for one in three Japanese people.
12. 0:40It is directly related to the area where they live.
13. 0:45Also, when many people hear the Edo Castle, they think of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
14. 0:48However, it is not widely known that it was Ōta Dōkan , not Tokugawa Ieyasu , who built Edo Castle .
15. 0:55And it was during the Kyotoku Kyōtoku Rebellion that I will be telling you about from now on that Ōta Dōkan played an active role.
16. 1:00Edo Castle was built during the Kyōtoku Rebellion.
17. 1:05Therefore, this war was deeply involved in the establishment of the foundations of Tokyo, the current capital of Japan.
18. 1:11So, let's start by looking back at the history before the Kyōtoku Rebellion.
19. 1:19Looking back.
20. 1:20That was during the Muromachi period.
21. 1:22The Kyōtoku Rebellion began with a conflict between the Kamakura Kubō Ashikaga Shigeuji and the Kantō Kanrei Uesugi Noritada.
22. 1:30The Kamakura Kubō was the most powerful person in the Kanto region at the time.
23. 1:34The Kantō Kanrei was the second most important person in the Kanto region at the time.
24. 1:39Ashikaga Shigeuji was the son of Ashikaga Mochiuji , the former Kamakura Kubō .
25. 1:43And Uesugi Noritada was the son of the former Kantō Kanrei, UESUGI NORIZANE.
26. 1:49In other words, the Kanto region's top positions were passed down from father to son for generations.
27. 1:54So you might feel that they made their sons their successors.
28. 1:59But in fact, something big had happened during that time.
29. 2:02In a video I posted previously about Ashikaga Yoshinori, I taught you this:
30. 2:06A conflict arose between Uesugi Norizane and Ashikaga Mochiuji, and a battle ensued.
31. 2:10The Muromachi Shogunate, or the Shogun at the time, Ashikaga Yoshinori, also intervened in the battle.
32. 2:16In the end, the combined forces of the Bakufu and the UESUGI Clan won the battle and Ashikaga Mochiuji was captured.
33. 2:22At that time, it seems that UESUGI NORIZANE wanted to help Ashikaga Mochiuji.
34. 2:26Therefore, he requested Ashikaga Yoshinori to help Ashikaga Mochiuji.
35. 2:31However, Ashikaga Yoshinori completely rejected it.
36. 2:34Ashikaga Mochiuji was then forced to commit suicide.
37. 2:37This incident seems to have been quite a shock to Uesugi Norizane.
38. 2:41He felt responsible for not being able to save Ashikaga Mochiuji and resigned from Kantō Kanrei.
39. 2:47He was from the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan , one of the branches of the Uesugi Clan .
40. 2:53He passed the Family Headship on to his younger brother, UESUGI KIYOKATA.
41. 2:56Moreover, he strongly instructed his sons to stay away from politics from then on.
42. 3:03In other words, he felt that there was nothing good to come from being involved in politics, so he tried to keep his descendants out of politics.
43. 3:11However, he was so talented that the Bakufu did not want to let him go.
44. 3:17His lack of involvement in politics was a problem for the Bakufu.
45. 3:21Ashikaga Mochiuji, the most Ashikaga Mochiuji in the Kanto region, had died, so Ashikaga Yoshinori wanted to send his son there to take his place.
46. 3:29And he was planning to have Uesugi Norizane assist his son.
47. 3:33So he repeatedly asked Uesugi Norizane to return to politics.
48. 3:38However, UESUGI NORIZANE continued to firmly refuse his requests.
49. 3:41It was under these circumstances that Ashikaga Yoshinori was assassinated.
50. 3:44Thus, the plan for his son to become Kamakura Kubō was scrapped.
51. 3:50That's all for the review.
52. 3:51As a result, one person got an opportunity.
53. 3:54It was MANJUOMARU, the son of Ashikaga Mochiuji.
54. 3:57He was hiding in Shinano Province.
55. 4:00He thought he might be able to take up the vacant position of Kamakura Kubō, and planned to return to Kamakura.
56. 4:09At the time, the Bakufu was in turmoil due to the assassination of the Shogun and had no time to worry about the Kanto region.
57. 4:16Under these circumstances, MANJUOMARU was planning to return to KAMAKURA.
58. 4:20Therefore, the Bakufu chose to appoint him as the Kamakura Kubō in order to calm the situation in the Kanto region.
59. 4:28Thus, Manjuomaru, later Ashikaga Shigeuji, became the Kamakura Kubō.
60. 4:33This is how Ashikaga Shigeuji became the Kamakura Kubō.
61. 4:37The only question that remained at that point was who would become the Kantō Kanrei.
62. 4:42The Bakufu's first choice candidate was Uesugi Norizane.
63. 4:46The Bakufu thought that if he became the Kantō Kanrei , the Kanto region would become more stable.
64. 4:51But he didn't change his mind about retiring.
65. 4:54Under these circumstances, UESUGI KIYOKATA, who had inherited the Family Headship from him, passed away.
66. 4:59In other words, another problem arose: the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan was in danger of extinction.
67. 5:07The person who attracted attention was Uesugi Noritada, the son of Uesugi Norizane.
68. 5:12As I have been saying, Uesugi Norizane has told his sons not to get involved in politics.
69. 5:18So he tried to stop Uesugi Noritada from inheriting the Family Headship.
70. 5:22However, Uesugi Noritada eventually inherited the Family Headship and became the Kantō Kanrei.
71. 5:28Of course, this was against Uesugi Norizane's wishes.
72. 5:31So he got angry and cut off all ties with Uesugi Noritada.
73. 5:35Thus, Ashikaga Shigeuji became the Kamakura Kubō and Uesugi Noritada became the Kantō Kanrei.
74. 5:42But as you saw earlier, their fathers, Ashikaga Mochiuji and Uesugi Norizane, were fighting.
75. 5:50So there was no way their sons could get along.
76. 5:54They may have gotten along on the surface, but deep down they probably hated each other.
77. 5:59I said earlier that Uesugi Noritada became the Kantō Kanrei.
78. 6:04But he basically didn't take the lead in politics.
79. 6:09At that time, a person called KASAI, who held a secretary-like Official position, held great power within the UESUGI Clan.
80. 6:15The head of the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan was Uesugi Noritada, and the head of the clan was Nagao Kagenaka.
81. 6:21The head of the Ōgigayatsu Uesugi clan was Uesugi Akifusa, and his father was Ota Doshin.
82. 6:27In other words, they, the KASAI, held the real power over the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan and Ōgigayatsu Uesugi clan.
83. 6:32When studying the Kyōtoku Rebellion, with so many people involved, it's easy to get confused.
84. 6:37So I'm going to talk to you about it, leaving out as many characters as possible.
85. 6:41However, the heads of the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan and Ōgigayatsu Uesugi clan and their KASAIs were deeply involved in the Kyōtoku Rebellion.
86. 6:47That's why they come up again and again in this case.
87. 6:50However, I will show this table as many times as necessary, so it's okay if you can't remember these four people.
88. 6:58Thus, the Kamakura Branch Government was restored under the leadership of Kamakura Kubō, Ashikaga Shigeuji Ujimitsu.
89. 7:04However, as expected, the Kamakura Kubō and the UESUGI Clan did not get along well.
90. 7:08The two forces were in conflict due to ancestral feuds.
91. 7:12Their conflicts came to the surface and eventually escalated into a fight.
92. 7:16That is the Enoshima Battle.
93. 7:18April 20, 1450.
94. 7:20This battle began when Ashikaga Shigeuji suddenly left Kamakura.
95. 7:25He did so because he thought he would be attacked by Nagao Kagenaka and Ota Doshin from the UESUGI CLAN side.
96. 7:31He headed for Enoshima, west of Kamakura.
97. 7:34When he arrived in ENOSHIMA, the UESUGI Clan also sent troops to pursue him.
98. 7:40And they fought in KOSHIGOE.
99. 7:42With the Kamakura Kubō side in the lead, the battlefield moved to Yuigahama.
100. 7:47In the end, the Kamakura Kubō side led by Ashikaga Shigeuji was victorious.
101. 7:52Thus, the UESUGI Clan members fled KAMAKURA.
102. 7:56But they still continued to prepare for battle.
103. 8:00Therefore, Ashikaga Shigeuji sent a letter to the Bakufu.
104. 8:05The letter read, "Please eliminate Nagao Kagenaka and OTA DOSHIN, the masterminds behind this fight."
105. 8:12At that time, the Bakufu's Kanrei was Hatakeyama Mochikuni.
106. 8:17He was relatively cooperative with Ashikaga Shigeuji and acknowledged the claims made in the letter.
107. 8:24This means he approved of the elimination of Nagao Kagenaka and OTA DOSHIN.
108. 8:29However, things were not so easy.
109. 8:32Nagao Kagenaka and OTA DOSHIN, who were at risk of being excluded, naturally rebelled against this.
110. 8:37Therefore, post-war settlement was difficult.
111. 8:39At that time, Ashikaga Shigeuji received a letter from the Bakufu.
112. 8:43The letter stated that HOSOKAWA KATSUMOTO had become Kanrei in place of HATAKEYAMA MOCHIKUNI.
113. 8:49The new Kanrei, Hosokawa Katsumato, was against Ashikaga Shigeuji.
114. 8:53Unlike HATAKEYAMA MOCHIKUNI, a person who was uncooperative with Ashikaga Shigeuji became Kanrei.
115. 8:59Thus, the Bakufu changed its policy.
116. 9:02In particular, the change that "from now on, if you want to communicate anything to the Bakufu, you must go through Uesugi Noritada first" was inconvenient for Ashikaga Shigeuji.
117. 9:12The UESUGI Clan was the one that Ashikaga Shigeuji was fighting against at the time.
118. 9:16Any news that was inconvenient for the UESUGI Clan could not be conveyed to the Bakufu.
119. 9:21As a result, relations between the Kamakura Kubō and the UESUGI CLAN deteriorated further.
120. 9:25Ashikaga Shigeuji became increasingly dissatisfied.
121. 9:28December 27, 1454.
122. 9:31Finally, Ashikaga Shigeuji side took action.
123. 9:33They summoned Uesugi Noritada to their home and killed him.
124. 9:37They killed the head of the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan.
125. 9:41As a result, the conflict between the UESUGI Clan and Ashikaga Shigeuji became decisive.
126. 9:45This was the beginning of the Kyōtoku Rebellion.
127. 9:48Ashikaga Shigeuji argued as follows:
128. 9:49"Members of the UESUGI Clan were dispatched to various places."
129. 9:53"So we thought they were preparing for a fight."
130. 9:56"So we executed Uesugi Noritada as a preemptive attack."
131. 10:01Of course, the UESUGI Clan did not stand idly by.
132. 10:05In response to the actions of Ashikaga Shigeuji, they also used force.
133. 10:09Then, Ashikaga Shigeuji also sent troops.
134. 10:11The first battle occurred in Shimagawara.
135. 10:15Ashikaga Shigeuji side won the battle, and the Uesugi Clan's forces were defeated.
136. 10:20Afterwards, the Uesugi Clan sent troops from Kozuke Province, and Ashikaga Shigeuji set out himself.
137. 10:27The two armies fought across the Tama River.
138. 10:31It was a fierce battle that lasted for two days.
139. 10:34In the end, Ashikaga Ujimitsu was Ashikaga Shigeuji once again.
140. 10:36Many of the powerful warriors of the UESUGI Clan were killed in battle or committed suicide in this battle.
141. 10:42As you can see in this video, UESUGIDO is currently located at TAKAHATA FUDOSON.
142. 10:47UESUGIDO is the grave of Uesugi Noriaki , who committed suicide during this battle.
143. 10:52What is particularly noteworthy about this battle is that Uesugi Akifusa , the head of the Ōgigayatsu Uesugi clan , committed suicide.
144. 10:58In other words, Ashikaga Shigeuji defeated the heads of both the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan and Ōgigayatsu Uesugi clan.
145. 11:04It is clear that the Kamakura Kubō , led by Ashikaga Shigeuji , had the upper hand.
146. 11:08In addition, Uesugi Mochitomo , who had been Retirement , returned to the Ōgigayatsu Uesugi clan .
147. 11:16Thus, having lost the battle, the UESUGI CLAN retreated to Oguri Castle and laid Siege Defense.
148. 11:21Ashikaga Shigeuji also followed them north.
149. 11:24He was based in Koga.
150. 11:27Using Koga as his base, he set out to capture Oguri Castle, which he eventually captured.
151. 11:36summary.
152. 11:38What did you think?
153. 11:39When the battle actually began, Ashikaga Shigeuji won consecutive battles.
154. 11:42It looked like it would be settled soon.
155. 11:45However, the Bakufu could not allow such a situation to continue.
156. 11:50The Bakufu began to take action to suppress Ashikaga Shigeuji .
157. 11:52In the next video I will tell you about Koga Kubō and Horikoshi Kubō.
158. 11:57See you in the next video.