【室町時代】125 東西激突！？ 足利義持と上杉禅秀の乱【日本史】 — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00Muromachi period, there was an institution in Kamakura called the Kamakura Branch Government.
2. 0:05Its chief was the Kamakura Kubō.
3. 0:07The Kantō Kanrei assists him.
4. 0:10These two conflicts led to the preliminary battles of the Kanto Warring States period.
5. 0:22hello everyone.
6. 0:23This time I will talk about Ashikaga Yoshimochi.
7. 0:27Some people probably started watching this series during the Muromachi period.
8. 0:32So, let's take a quick look back at the parts related to this video before moving on.
9. 0:41Looking back.
10. 0:42At the end of the Kamakura period, the Kamakura shogunate was overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo.
11. 0:47Thus began the Kenmu government under Emperor Go-Daigo.
12. 0:51However, the Kenmu government was overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji.
13. 0:55Later, Ashikaga Takauji established the Muromachi Shogunate.
14. 0:59Emperor Go-Daigo escaped to Yoshino.
15. 1:01And then we entered the Nanboku-chō period.
16. 1:03At this time, the Muromachi Shogunate was allied with the Northern Court.
17. 1:07They ruled in the east and west respectively.
18. 1:10Initially, Takauji was in charge of politics in Kyoto, while his younger brother Tadayoshi was in charge of politics in Kamakura.
19. 1:17Takauji's son Yoshiakira later became the second Shogun.
20. 1:22Then his younger brother Motouji began to take part in politics in Kamakura.
21. 1:26From this point on, each descendant would inherit the Official position.
22. 1:30The Kamakura Branch Government was entrusted with the control of the eastern provinces by the Bakufu and ruled the eastern part of Japan.
23. 1:37About this relationship between the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government.
24. 1:40During the Nanboku-chō period, they fought against their common enemy, the Southern Court.
25. 1:44So the relationship between them wasn't that bad.
26. 1:48However, once the Southern–Northern Court unification was achieved, a period of peace came.
27. 1:52Gradually, the Kamakura Branch Government and the Bakufu came into conflict.
28. 1:55Many people are aware of the existence of the Muromachi Shogunate and are probably quite familiar with it.
29. 2:01However, many people may be hearing about Kamakura Branch Government for the first time.
30. 2:06So let's take a closer look at the Kamakura Branch Government.
31. 2:10As mentioned earlier, in the early Muromachi period, Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi, was sent to Kamakura to rule the Kanto region.
32. 2:19At this time, Uesugi Shigefusa went to Kamakura with him.
33. 2:23His initial purpose was to assist Tadayoshi.
34. 2:28He later became a powerful Kashin of the Ashikaga clan.
35. 2:30Regarding the Uesugi clan.
36. 2:32They inherited the Kantō Kanrei.
37. 2:35They split into many families.
38. 2:37They acted as intermediaries between the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government.
39. 2:40Please keep these things in mind for now.
40. 2:43First, let's talk about the story of how they inherited the Kantō Kanrei.
41. 2:47As can be seen from the relationship between Tadayoshi and Shigefusa, the Uesugi clan assists the Ashikaga clan in Kanto.
42. 2:53This relationship continues for generations.
43. 2:56The Shogun-like figure in the Kanto region was called the Kamakura Kubō.
44. 3:00The person who assisted the Kamakura Kubō was called the Kantō Kanrei.
45. 3:05The Uesugi clan made this Official position hereditary.
46. 3:08Next, regarding their lineage.
47. 3:10Later, the Uesugi clan split into branches based on where they lived, such as Yamanouchi, Ōgigayatsu, Inugake, and Takuma.
48. 3:18They are distinguished by names such as the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan or the Inugake Uesugi clan.
49. 3:24The Uesugi clan will appear a lot in the upcoming videos, so keep in mind that there are many different family lines.
50. 3:31Finally, regarding their role as intermediaries between the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government.
51. 3:35The Uesugi clan held the Official position of Kantō Kanrei , which assisted the Kamakura Kubō , so it is easy to assume that they were on the side of the Kamakura Branch Government.
52. 3:45However, the Kantō Kanrei acted as a sort of cushion between the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government.
53. 3:51They were neutral rather than allies of the Kamakura Branch Government.
54. 3:55Now, I will finally get to the main topic, the Uesugi Zenshū Rebellion.
55. 4:00First, let's look at the major conflict structure of this rebellion.
56. 4:04The biggest conflict was between the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government.
57. 4:07In terms of location, it's the conflict between Kyoto and Kamakura.
58. 4:11But it's not such a simple conflict.
59. 4:13There is further conflict within each of them.
60. 4:17In Kyoto, Ashikaga Yoshitsugu was dissatisfied with Ashikaga Yoshimochi.
61. 4:22In Kamakura, Uesugi Zenshū was dissatisfied with Ashikaga Mochiuji.
62. 4:27It is said that in this situation, Yoshitsugu and Uesugi Zenshū, who were dissatisfied, joined forces to plot a Rebellion.
63. 4:36You should now understand the big picture.
64. 4:40Now let's take a look at why these two were unhappy.
65. 4:45First, about Kyoto.
66. 4:47Ashikaga Yoshimochi , the son of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu , inherited the position of Shogun from his father.
67. 4:53However, his father Yoshimitsu continued to hold real power.
68. 4:57Yoshimochi had a younger brother named Yoshitsugu.
69. 5:00It is said that Yoshimitsu doted on Yoshitsugu and that Yoshimochi was left out.
70. 5:06Yoshimitsu died of illness under these circumstances.
71. 5:09The question then arose as to who would succeed Yoshimochi or Yoshitsugu as head of the family.
72. 5:14However, Yoshimitsu died without appointing a successor.
73. 5:19Shiba Yoshiyuki, who held real power at the time, then said that Yoshimochi was the most suitable person to inherit the Family Headship.
74. 5:26Therefore, Yoshimochi became the heir to the Family Headship.
75. 5:29Yoshitsugu probably thought that he would inherit the Family Headship, as he was loved by his father.
76. 5:36So he became frustrated.
77. 5:39Next, about Kamakura.
78. 5:42Around this time, Ashikaga Mochiuji became the Kamakura Kubō in Kamakura.
79. 5:47And in order to support the young Mochiuji, Uesugi Norisada became the Kantō Kanrei.
80. 5:52Later, Uesugi Zenshū became the Kantō Kanrei.
81. 5:56Uesugi Norisada is the Yamanouchi Uesugi clan.
82. 5:59Uesugi Zenshū is from the Inugake Uesugi clan.
83. 6:02The situation is easy to understand when you look at the order in which the Kantō Kanrei were appointed at that time.
84. 6:07Yamanouchi and Inugake alternate in this position.
85. 6:11These two families stood side by side.
86. 6:14In other words, they were rivals.
87. 6:16That's a common occurrence in history.
88. 6:18When someone assists a young person, it is easy for a conflict to arise because when that person grows up, they will begin to want to get involved in politics themselves.
89. 6:28That was the case this time as well.
90. 6:30One day, Ashikaga Mochiuji began to threaten to confiscate the lands of members of the Hitachi Oda clan.
91. 6:37The Hitachi Oda clan was under the command of Uesugi Zenshū.
92. 6:40Therefore, Uesugi Zenshū , the Kantō Kanrei , opposed this.
93. 6:44However, Ashikaga Mochiuji did not listen.
94. 6:46In response, Uesugi Zenshū was enraged and resigned from Kantō Kanrei.
95. 6:50Ashikaga Mochiuji readily accepted his resignation.
96. 6:53He then appointed Uesugi Norisada's son, Uesugi Norimoto, as Kantō Kanrei.
97. 6:59In this situation, Uesugi Zenshū was not happy with it.
98. 7:03Thus, in the Kanto region, Ashikaga Mochiuji and Uesugi Norimoto came into conflict with Uesugi Zenshū.
99. 7:11Now let's get back to our topic.
100. 7:13Now you know why these two people were unhappy.
101. 7:18This was the conflict structure between East and West.
102. 7:20Yoshitsugu, dissatisfied with Yoshimochi, may have heard about the situation in Kanto and thought he could use it to his advantage.
103. 7:27It is believed that Yoshitsugu sent a messenger to Uesugi Zenshū and called on him to join him in a Rebellion.
104. 7:34Uesugi Zenshū agreed to this and began to gather forces to oppose the Mochiuji faction.
105. 7:401416: Uesugi Zenshū Rebellion.
106. 7:41Uesugi Zenshū finally takes action.
107. 7:45Uesugi Zenshū raised an army and attacked Ashikaga Mochiuji's mansion.
108. 7:49However, Mochiuji sensed something was wrong and escaped the mansion just in time.
109. 7:53He took refuge in Uesugi Norimoto's mansion.
110. 7:56Afterwards, Uesugi Zenshū's forces set fire to Uesugi Norimoto's mansion.
111. 8:00Ashikaga Mochiuji's forces fled.
112. 8:03Ashikaga Mochiuji fled to Suruga.
113. 8:05Uesugi Norimoto fled to Echigo.
114. 8:08In this way, Uesugi Zenshū succeeded in seizing real power in Kamakura.
115. 8:13Meanwhile, Ashikaga Yoshitsugu in Kyoto had failed in his attempt to raise an army.
116. 8:18Many warlords were on the side of the Bakufu, that is, Shogun Yoshimochi.
117. 8:22As a result, Yoshitsugu was unable to gather many of the warrior monks from Hiei Mountain and Kofuku-ji Temple, whom he had been counting on.
118. 8:28So Yoshitsugu retired to seclusion.
119. 8:30The Bakufu initially dismissed the incident as something that only happened in the Kanto region.
120. 8:34However, when they learn that Ashikaga Yoshitsugu of Kyoto is involved in the Kamakura Rebellion, they realize the seriousness of the situation.
121. 8:41The Bakufu imprisoned Yoshitsugu and sent troops to Kanto to suppress Uesugi Zenshū.
122. 8:47In response, Uesugi Zenshū went to stop the army approaching from the north and was victorious.
123. 8:52Meanwhile, however, an army was approaching from the west.
124. 8:55So he hurried back to Kamakura.
125. 8:58Uesugi Zenshū was defeated in this battle.
126. 9:01Then Uesugi Zenshū committed suicide.
127. 9:02Ashikaga Mochiuji succeeded in recapturing Kamakura.
128. 9:07Well, that's how the battle ended.
129. 9:09The impact was huge.
130. 9:11Uesugi Zenshū committed suicide.
131. 9:13But those who stood by him are still alive.
132. 9:17Ashikaga Mochiuji thought that they might rebel again.
133. 9:23Thus, Ashikaga Mochiuji began to oppress those who had sided with Uesugi Zenshū.
134. 9:28Of course, those being oppressed will rebel against it.
135. 9:32In a sense, suppressing rebel forces was a natural thing to do, so the Bakufu tolerated it for a time.
136. 9:39However, in the aftermath of the aforementioned battle, the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government came into conflict.
137. 9:45When the question arose of who should be the Shugo of Kai Province and Hitachi Province, neither side gave in.
138. 9:52This conflict causes their relationship to deteriorate.
139. 9:54The Kanto region fell into chaos, and people were divided into those who supported the Bakufu and those who supported the Kamakura Branch Government.
140. 10:01In this way, Yoshimochi strengthened his policy of controlling the Kanto region.
141. 10:05He appoints anti-Mochiuji people as new Shugo.
142. 10:08He also ordered an attack on the Kamakura Branch Government.
143. 10:11Ashikaga Mochiuji gradually became isolated.
144. 10:14He eventually Surrender to the Bakufu .
145. 10:16Mochiuji pledged loyalty to the Bakufu, and a war between East and West was temporarily averted.
146. 10:27Well, what do you think?
147. 10:29In the midst of these battles, Ashikaga Yoshimochi handed over the position of Shogun to legitimate son son, Yoshikazu.
148. 10:35However, Yoshikazu was 17 years old at the time.
149. 10:37Yoshimochi continued to hold real political power.
150. 10:40So, in the next video I will talk about Ashikaga Yoshikazu.
151. 10:45See you in the next video.