【室町時代】124 忙しい人のための室町時代【日本史】 — Transcript

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1. 0:00"overview".
2. 0:04Hello everyone.
3. 0:06This time I will talk about the Muromachi period.
4. 0:09Many people have probably seen a diagram like this in a timeline in a textbook.
5. 0:14The first half of the Muromachi period overlaps with the Nanboku-chō period.
6. 0:17The latter half overlaps with the Warring States period.
7. 0:20The title of this video is "Muromachi period."
8. 0:24This is the only part I will explain.
9. 0:27There are already videos about the Nanboku-chō period, so please take a look at those.
10. 0:32Also, as my explanation progresses, I plan to post a video about the Warring States period, so please check that out.
11. 0:38By the way, I'm making this channel for high school students.
12. 0:42Therefore, this channel considers the Ōnin War, which is likely to be most well-known to most high school students, to be the beginning of the Warring States period.
13. 0:52Let's start by looking at the Muromachi period.
14. 0:55YOUTUBE High School. "Overview".
15. 1:00"The Muromachi period and the Kamakura Branch Government" Many people probably think of the Muromachi period as a period that leaves little impression on them.
16. 1:07First, I will talk about what kind of era the Muromachi period was as a whole.
17. 1:11The Muromachi period was preceded by the Kamakura period.
18. 1:14The Bakufu was formerly located in Kamakura.
19. 1:17When Ashikaga Takauji was about to establish the Bakufu, he was unsure whether to locate it in Kyoto or Kamakura.
20. 1:26As you can see, KAMAKURA was a special place for the samurai.
21. 1:29In the end, the ASHIKAGA CLAN's Bakufu was established in Muromachi, Kyoto.
22. 1:34A local body was also established in KAMAMURA to govern KANTO.
23. 1:38This is the Kamakura Branch Government.
24. 1:40The Kamakura Branch Government was originally a local government agency established by the Bakufu, but later came to have jurisdiction Oushu as well.
25. 1:47It came to rule these regions in a manner that was semi-independent from the Bakufu.
26. 1:53The head of the Bakufu was the Shogun.
27. 1:55The Official position that assists the Shogun is the Kanrei.
28. 1:58In contrast, the head of the Kamakura Branch Government was the Kamakura Kubō.
29. 2:01The Official position that assisted the Kamakura Kubō was the Kantō Kanrei.
30. 2:06Ultimately, the Shogun and the Kamakura Kubō came into conflict and fought.
31. 2:11Please watch this video with that perspective in mind.
32. 2:14Let's start by looking at the period from the end of the Nanboku-chō period.
33. 2:18"Ashikaga Yoshimochi and the Ashikaga Mochiuji " In 1408, after the death of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu , who achieved the Southern–Northern Court unification , Ashikaga Yoshimochi emerged as the fourth Shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate .
34. 2:29Ashikaga Yoshimochi was the son of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
35. 2:33At this time, Ashikaga Mitsukane ruled Kamakura as the Kamakura Kubō.
36. 2:39After his death, his eldest son, Ashikaga Mochiuji, succeeded him.
37. 2:44The story begins with Ashikaga Ashikaga Yoshimochi Kyoto and Ashikaga Mochiuji ruling Kanto.
38. 2:51The Uesugi Zenshū Rebellion. At this time, the Kamakura Branch Government was semi-independent from the Bakufu.
39. 2:58There was a conflict between the Kamakura Kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji and the Kantō Kanrei Uesugi Zenshū.
40. 3:05This meant that there was a conflict between the most important person and the second most important person in the Kamakura Branch Government.
41. 3:11Uesugi Zenshū submitted his resignation.
42. 3:13Ashikaga Mochiuji gave his permission.
43. 3:15Later, Ashikaga Mochiuji appointed Uesugi Norimoto , a rival of Uesugi Zenshū, as Kantō Kanrei .
44. 3:21Ashikaga Mochiuji and Uesugi Zenshū each gathered troops.
45. 3:23This created an uneasy atmosphere at KAMAKURA.
46. 3:25Afterwards, Uesugi Zenshū attacked Ashikaga Mochiuji.
47. 3:29Uesugi Zenshū won this battle.
48. 3:32Ashikaga Mochiuji fled to Suruga.
49. 3:36In response, the Bakufu dispatched the UESUGI CLAN from ECHIGO and the Imagawa Clan from Suruga to KANTO.
50. 3:42Thus, Uesugi Zenshū's rebellion was suppressed by the Bakufu forces.
51. 3:47As a result, Ashikaga Mochiuji returned to Kamakura once again.
52. 3:51However, in the process of dealing with the aftermath of the war, the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government disagreed, and the conflict between the two sides deepened.
53. 3:58"Ashikaga Yoshikazu ." At that time, Ashikaga Yoshimochi had already resigned as Bakufu and Ordination a Seii Taishogun .
54. 4:03As a result, his son, Ashikaga Yoshikazu, became Shogun.
55. 4:06However, he died just two years after becoming a Shogun.
56. 4:12This left Ashikaga Yoshimochi without a successor.
57. 4:14While this was happening, Ashikaga Yoshimochi also suddenly died.
58. 4:17Just before he died, he told his aides, "You decide who will be my successor."
59. 4:22His aides suggested a Lot-drawing, which he approved.
60. 4:28His successor was to be decided by drawing Lot-drawing among his four brothers.
61. 4:33"Ashikaga Yoshinori." Thus, the next Shogun was chosen to be a GIEN, who would later become known as Ashikaga Yoshinori.
62. 4:39This angered Ashikaga Mochiuji , the Kamakura Kubō .
63. 4:43He was angry that he should have been chosen as Shogun instead of drawing Lot-drawing to decide Ashikaga Yoshimochi 's successor.
64. 4:48Thus, Ashikaga Mochiuji plotted a Rebellion against the Bakufu .
65. 4:53However, Uesugi Norizane, the Kantō Kanrei, persuaded Ashikaga Mochiuji.
66. 4:58He was also trusted by the Bakufu.
67. 5:01He played a role in mitigating conflicts between the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government.
68. 5:05As such, the Kamakura Kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji had an angry personality.
69. 5:10Similarly, Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori also had an angry temper.
70. 5:13He was the kind of Shogun who would behead anyone who did something he didn't like.
71. 5:17His politics were known for their reign of terror, described as "terror for all people."
72. 5:21Things were going well in both the Bakufu and the Kamakura Branch Government because neutral people kept them in check.
73. 5:28Neutral figures in the Bakufu died one after another, and the shogunate was no longer able to restrain Ashikaga Yoshinori.
74. 5:34In Kanto, relations between the neutral UESUGI NORIZANE and Ashikaga Mochiuji deteriorated.
75. 5:40As a result, Uesugi Norizane was no longer able to suppress Ashikaga Mochiuji.
76. 5:43If that happens, a battle between East and West will be inevitable.
77. 5:47"Eikyō Rebellion." As I just said, relations between Uesugi Norizane and Ashikaga Mochiuji deteriorated in KANTO.
78. 5:53So UESUGI NORIZANE fled to his hometown of KOZUKE NO KUNI.
79. 5:56Ashikaga Mochiuji set out in pursuit of him.
80. 5:59Uesugi Norizane requested help from the Bakufu.
81. 6:02Therefore, Ashikaga Yoshinori sent an army to defeat Ashikaga Mochiuji.
82. 6:06The Bakufu forces were victorious in this battle.
83. 6:08Ashikaga Mochiuji was eventually forced to commit suicide.
84. 6:13Therefore, the Kamakura Branch Government was temporarily destroyed.
85. 6:15"BATTLE OF YUKI." Thus ended KANTO's battle.
86. 6:18But that did not happen.
87. 6:21Yūki Ujitomo , who was indebted to the Kamakura Kubō, raised an army together with Ashikaga Yasuomaru and Haruomaru, the Ashikaga Mochiuji.
88. 6:30Even after Ashikaga Mochiuji's death, his forces continued to resist.
89. 6:35In response, the Bakufu sent a large army to counter this.
90. 6:39This battle also ended with a victory for the Bakufu.
91. 6:41The Kakitsu Rebellion. The long-running battle in the Kanto region thus came to an end, and a victory celebration was held at Akamatsu Mitsusuke's mansion in Kyoto.
92. 6:51But suddenly, a samurai with a sword burst in.
93. 6:55He attacked Ashikaga Yoshinori with his sword, and Ashikaga Yoshinori lost his life.
94. 6:59The Shogun at the time was assassinated.
95. 7:02The assassination attempt was planned by Akamatsu Mitsusuke and his son, Akamatsu Noriyasu.
96. 7:07They then moved to HARIMA.
97. 7:11However, they were defeated by the forces of Yamana Mochitoyo, who later became known as Yamana Sōzen .
98. 7:16The Kakitsu Rebellion greatly weakened the power of the Shogun.
99. 7:20"Ashikaga Yoshikatsu ." Now, the next Shogun after Ashikaga Yoshinori was Ashikaga Yoshikatsu.
100. 7:25He was the son of Ashikaga Yoshinori.
101. 7:28However, like Ashikaga Yoshikazu, he also died early.
102. 7:32He died eight months after becoming Shogun.
103. 7:35He was 9 years old at the time.
104. 7:37So of course he had no children.
105. 7:39Once again, the Bakufu was left without a successor.
106. 7:42The person chosen was Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the Ashikaga Yoshimasa of Ashikaga Yoshikatsu .
107. 7:47"Ashikaga Yoshimasa and Ashikaga Shigeuji" With the assassination of Ashikaga Yoshinori, the Bakufu could no longer afford to worry about KANTO.
108. 7:52The Kamakura Branch Government was also re-established in KANTO.
109. 7:55The next person to become Kamakura Kubō was Ashikaga Shigeuji of Ashikaga Mochiuji .
110. 8:00Thus, new Shogun and Kamakura Kubō were appointed in both the east and west.
111. 8:05As we have seen so far, relations between the Bakufu, the Kamakura Kubō, and the Kantō Kanrei were deteriorating.
112. 8:11Still, their relationship didn't go well.
113. 8:13During the "Kyōtoku Rebellion," the conflict between the Kamakura Kubō Ashikaga Shigeuji and the Kantō Kanrei Uesugi Noritada became increasingly intense.
114. 8:19KANTO split into the Kamakura Kubō faction and the Kantō Kanrei faction.
115. 8:23After that, the fighting between the two sides intensified when Ashikaga Shigeuji assassinated Uesugi Noritada.
116. 8:28The Kyōtoku Rebellion began.
117. 8:30The Bakufu also intervened in this battle.
118. 8:32The Bakufu supported the Ashikaga Shigeuji.
119. 8:35This led to a showdown between the Kamakura Kubō and the Shogun of Kyoto on the one hand and the east on the other.
120. 8:41The Ōnin War. The Kyōtoku Rebellion began in KANTO, but fighting also began in KYOTO.
121. 8:46This was the Ōnin War.
122. 8:48This battle, which was fought between the eastern army western army led by Yamana Sōzen , left Kyoto in ruins.
123. 8:56In this way, the era progressed towards the Warring States period.