12 Tenses in English Grammar — Transcript

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1. 0:00Mabuhay, everyone. So, before we begin,
2. 0:03let me ask you a question. So, if I say
3. 0:06I eat breakfast and I am eating
4. 0:10breakfast, do these sentences mean
5. 0:13exactly the same thing?
6. 0:16So, both sentences talk about eating,
7. 0:19but they happen at different times and
8. 0:21in different ways. So, this is where
9. 0:24tenses become important. So, tenses help
10. 0:27us
11. 0:28express when an action happens and
12. 0:31whether it is completed, ongoing, or
13. 0:34repeated. Today, we will learn the 12
14. 0:37tenses of English, which are grouped
15. 0:39into three time frames. We have the
16. 0:41present, past, and the future. By the
17. 0:45way, this is only a review because
18. 0:48you've all you've already learned the 12
19. 0:52tenses in English grammar since your
20. 0:55elementary days. Okay, so let's begin.
21. 0:59So, for the first of
22. 1:01tense, we have the present simple tense.
23. 1:05So, the structure would be the subject
24. 1:07plus the verb
25. 1:10plus
26. 1:11s or es plus the object. Okay, so we use
27. 1:15the simple present for habits, routines,
28. 1:19facts, and general truths. So, again,
29. 1:22the structure or the formula subject
30. 1:25plus the verb or the base verb plus the
31. 1:28s or es for singular subjects plus the
32. 1:32object. So, for example, he is the
33. 1:34subject, drives is the verb, a car is
34. 1:39the object. So, he drives a car.
35. 1:42Remember that if the subject is
36. 1:45singular, the the verb must also be in
37. 1:48singular form. If the subject is plural,
38. 1:52the verb must also be
39. 1:54in plural form. Now, for the base verb,
40. 1:57you add s or es if the subject is
41. 2:01singular. Okay? That is only for
42. 2:05singular subjects.
43. 2:07>> [snorts]
44. 2:09>> For the present continuous tense, we use
45. 2:12this tense for actions that is happening
46. 2:14right now. Okay? So, the structure or
47. 2:17the formula is the subject plus the is
48. 2:21or am
49. 2:22or are plus the verb in ing form plus
50. 2:27the object. Okay? So, that is a very
51. 2:29simple structure. The subject he
52. 2:33plus is plus driving
53. 2:36of course, the verb in ing form plus the
54. 2:39object a car. You make it he is driving
55. 2:43a car. Now, the only time that you're
56. 2:46going to use the am is of course, if
57. 2:49your subject is the first person pronoun
58. 2:52I. Okay? And you're going to use the
59. 2:55linking verb are if your subject is
60. 2:59plural. Okay? So, for example, they are.
61. 3:03Okay? So,
62. 3:05um the children are. Okay? So,
63. 3:09uh again, if the subject is singular,
64. 3:12the verb must also be singular. If the
65. 3:16subject is plural, the verb must also be
66. 3:20in plural form. Next is the present
67. 3:23perfect tense. So, you use this tense
68. 3:25when you are describing an action that
69. 3:28is completed at an unspecified time in
70. 3:30the past, but it is still connected to
71. 3:33the present. Okay? So, the formula or
72. 3:35the structure for this tense is the
73. 3:38subject plus has or have plus the verb
74. 3:41in the
75. 3:42past participle tense plus the object.
76. 3:46So, for example, he is the subject has
77. 3:50of course plus driven.
78. 3:53>> [snorts]
79. 3:53>> It is the past participle of drive plus
80. 3:56the object, a car. So, he has driven a
81. 3:59car. So, again, you're going to choose
82. 4:03um
83. 4:05when you're going to use a has, of
84. 4:08course, if your subject is singular. If
85. 4:11your subject is plural, then you're
86. 4:13going to use the have. Okay? And you
87. 4:16should know the different um past
88. 4:19participles of a particular verb. So,
89. 4:21for example, the the verb drive. So, the
90. 4:25present uh form of the or the base verb
91. 4:29of the word drive is drive, past tense,
92. 4:33drove, and the past participle, driven.
93. 4:37Okay? So, he has driven a car.
94. 4:41Next one is the present perfect
95. 4:43continuous tense. Okay? Now, um
96. 4:47it gets uh complicated because this
97. 4:50tense shows that an action that started
98. 4:53in the past and continues until now.
99. 4:56Okay? So, the formula or the structure
100. 4:58for this tense is the subject plus has
101. 5:02or have plus been plus the verb in ing
102. 5:06form plus the object. Okay? So, he is
103. 5:11the subject, has plus been, verb plus
104. 5:15the ing, driving a car. So, he has been
105. 5:19driving a car. Okay? So, again, um
106. 5:24I would like to repeat myself that if
107. 5:26you're going to choose or if you're
108. 5:27going to use has, make sure that your
109. 5:31subject is singular. If you're going to
110. 5:34use the have, make sure that you're
111. 5:37going to
112. 5:38uh make sure that your subject is
113. 5:41plural. Okay? Remember that in
114. 5:43subject-verb agreement, the sub if the
115. 5:46subject is singular, the verb must also
116. 5:48be singular. If the subject is plural,
117. 5:52then the verb must also be plural.
118. 5:56Now, let's move to the past tense. So,
119. 5:58for the simple past tense,
120. 6:00uh we use the simple past tense for
121. 6:03completed actions in the past. Okay? So,
122. 6:06your structure would be the subject plus
123. 6:11uh
124. 6:11the past tense of the verb plus the
125. 6:14object, okay? So, he drove a car because
126. 6:18the past tense of drive is drove, okay?
127. 6:21So, again, subject plus the past tense
128. 6:25of the verb plus the object.
129. 6:29Next would be the past continuous tense.
130. 6:32So, this tense describes that an action
131. 6:36that was happening at a specific time in
132. 6:39the past, okay? So, it gets tricky here
133. 6:42because you're going to use was or were
134. 6:45plus the verb in ing form, okay? Because
135. 6:49it is continuous, past continuous.
136. 6:52Again, subject plus was or were plus the
137. 6:55verb in ing form plus the object, okay?
138. 6:59So, again, if you're if you're having
139. 7:02some difficulty
140. 7:05whether to choose between was or were,
141. 7:09remember that if your subject is
142. 7:12singular,
143. 7:13you will use was. If your subject is
144. 7:16plural, you will use were, okay? So, he
145. 7:20was driving a car. If your subject is
146. 7:23they, then you're going to use were. For
147. 7:26example, they were driving a car. They
148. 7:31were studying at the library, okay? They
149. 7:35were watching a movie. So, those are the
150. 7:39some of the examples for the past
151. 7:42continuous.
152. 7:44Now, next one is the past perfect tense.
153. 7:47Now, we use this tense for an action
154. 7:49that was completed before another action
155. 7:52in the past. Okay? So, again, we use
156. 7:56this tense for an action that was
157. 7:59completed before another action in the
158. 8:03past. So, um it gets tricky here. The
159. 8:06structure and the formula, you might uh
160. 8:10get confused.
161. 8:11Because, for example, here, the subject
162. 8:14plus had plus uh the past participle
163. 8:18form of the verb plus the object. Again,
164. 8:22we will use um had. Okay? You will not
165. 8:25choose between had or have. Because, um
166. 8:30the past um tense for has or have is
167. 8:35had. No matter if the subject is
168. 8:38singular or plural, okay? If you're
169. 8:42talking about the past uh form of the
170. 8:46verb of has or have, it is had. Okay?
171. 8:50So,
172. 8:52no matter [clears throat]
173. 8:54what your subject is. If it is singular,
174. 8:57you will use had. If it is plural, you
175. 9:00will use had as long as you will write
176. 9:03it in the past perfect tense. So, again,
177. 9:06subject key plus had plus the past
178. 9:10participle form of the verb plus the
179. 9:12object. For example, you will use the
180. 9:15subject they. Okay? For example, they
181. 9:20had driven a car. So, they
182. 9:23is a plural form of a subject, okay?
183. 9:27But, you will uh also use the had
184. 9:31because
185. 9:32it uh it means that the action was
186. 9:36already completed. Okay? So, you will
187. 9:39need to use the had. So, again, he had
188. 9:42driven a car or she had uh she had left
189. 9:47before I arrived or
190. 9:50um I had finished my homework before the
191. 9:54meeting started. So, those are the
192. 9:56examples of the past perfect tense.
193. 10:00Okay, next one is the past perfect
194. 10:03continuous. So, this tense emphasizes
195. 10:06the duration of an action before another
196. 10:10event in the past. So, again, we use
197. 10:14this tense if you want to emphasize the
198. 10:17duration of an action before another
199. 10:20event in the past. So, the structure,
200. 10:23subject plus had been plus the verb in
201. 10:27ing form plus the object. Okay? So, the
202. 10:31been is present whenever we're talking
203. 10:34about perfect continuous. So, the
204. 10:36subject plus had plus been plus the verb
205. 10:41in ing form plus the object. For
206. 10:43example, he had been driving a car.
207. 10:47Okay? Or I had been studying for 3 hours
208. 10:52before the exam. So, there is the
209. 10:55duration. There
210. 10:58in the sentence um
211. 11:01it emphasized the duration of an action
212. 11:04before um the event in the past. Okay?
213. 11:08So, another example, they had been
214. 11:12waiting for a long time. So, you can see
215. 11:15there the duration. In the sentence in
216. 11:18the two
217. 11:19uh examples of sentences, you can see
218. 11:23the duration of an action before another
219. 11:25event in the past. So,
220. 11:28that's when you're going to write the
221. 11:30past perfect continuous. Now, let's move
222. 11:34to the future, okay? So, the simple
223. 11:37future tense. We use the simple future
224. 11:40tense for actions that will happen
225. 11:43later, okay? So, the subject plus the
226. 11:49will or shall
227. 11:50plus the base verb form of the verb plus
228. 11:55the object, okay? Now, if you're getting
229. 11:58confused whether will or shall,
230. 12:01um you're going to use will if your
231. 12:05subject is in second or third person
232. 12:08pronoun, like he, she, they, them, and
233. 12:13so on, okay? You're going to use shall
234. 12:16if your subject is
235. 12:19in the first person pronoun, like I and
236. 12:23we or us, okay? So,
237. 12:27uh that is the
238. 12:30uh another way of knowing when to use
239. 12:34will or shall, but that is according to
240. 12:37traditional English um
241. 12:40grammar or British English grammar,
242. 12:43okay? Nowadays, in the modern English
243. 12:45grammar, will is universally accepted
244. 12:49whether you're using first person
245. 12:52pronoun, second person pronoun, or third
246. 12:55person pronoun, okay? But, to help you
247. 12:59uh when to use will or shall in case
248. 13:02that uh you want to use shall in your
249. 13:05sentence, then you need to use it when
250. 13:09your subject is in the first person
251. 13:12pronoun, okay? So, again,
252. 13:15subject plus will or shall plus the base
253. 13:20verb
254. 13:21form of the verb plus the object.
255. 13:25Next is the future continuous tense.
256. 13:28Now, this tense describes an action that
257. 13:31will be in progress at a future time.
258. 13:34Okay, so when you're going to write a
259. 13:37sentence and you want to describe an
260. 13:40action that will be in progress at a
261. 13:42future time, then
262. 13:45this is the type of tense that you need
263. 13:47to use, the future continuous tense. So,
264. 13:50your structure would be subject plus
265. 13:53will be or shall be plus the verb in ing
266. 13:58form plus the object. Okay, so for
267. 14:00example, he will be driving a car or I
268. 14:05will be teaching at 10:00 a.m. tomorrow
269. 14:08or they will be traveling next week.
270. 14:14Okay, next one is the future perfect
271. 14:16tense. Now, we use this tense if we want
272. 14:20to show that an action that will be
273. 14:22completed before a certain future time.
274. 14:25Okay, so your structure would be subject
275. 14:29plus will have plus
276. 14:32uh
277. 14:32the verb in the past participle form
278. 14:35plus the object. Okay, so for example,
279. 14:38he will have driven a car or I will have
280. 14:43finished the report by Friday or
281. 14:48um another sentence for this tense would
282. 14:51be she will have graduated by next year.
283. 14:55Okay, so you just need to remember the
284. 14:57structures of these different tenses
285. 15:00because that is the most important thing
286. 15:02that you would do to remember, okay, the
287. 15:06different uh tenses and when to use
288. 15:09them.
289. 15:10Now, for the last tense, the future
290. 15:12perfect continuous tense. Now, this
291. 15:15tense emphasizes how long an action will
292. 15:18continue before a future point. Okay, so
293. 15:22your structure subject plus will have
294. 15:25been plus the verb in ing form plus the
295. 15:29object. Okay, so example, he will have
296. 15:32been driving a car. Or another example,
297. 15:36by December I will have been teaching
298. 15:40for 10 years. Another example,
299. 15:43um by next month they will have been
300. 15:46working here for 5 years.
301. 15:49Okay, so
302. 15:52again
303. 15:53uh you need to memorize in order for you
304. 15:57to understand
305. 15:59uh the different tenses and how to
306. 16:01properly use them
307. 16:03in a certain statement. Okay, so
308. 16:07uh our activity or your activity for the
309. 16:11next time we meet, of course, is all
310. 16:13about these tenses. So you need to
311. 16:16review
312. 16:17um this video discussion that um
313. 16:21I've prepared so that you can have your
314. 16:24time to memorize the different
315. 16:26structures or the different formulas for
316. 16:29these tenses.