10_Publication Ethics — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00hello
2. 0:01i am sri shindu from icmr national
3. 0:03institute of epidemiology i will talk to
4. 0:06you on publication ethics
5. 0:08at the end of the session i expect that
6. 0:11participants will be able to recognize
7. 0:13various ethical issues related to
8. 0:15publication
9. 0:17and
10. 0:17make use of guidelines available from
11. 0:20various national and international
12. 0:22organizations for publication ethics
13. 0:25before i start my
14. 0:27main slides
15. 0:28i want you to throw
16. 0:30some highlights on two issues
17. 0:33number one
18. 0:34is if you remember the life cycle of our
19. 0:37research how it goes on
20. 0:40it starts with identify data needs and
21. 0:42then spell out research question
22. 0:45you formulate your study objectives
23. 0:48plan for analysis and prepare data
24. 0:50collection instruments and then you go
25. 0:52collect your data and analyze it and
26. 0:55then draw some conclusions and
27. 0:57recommendations
28. 0:58publication
29. 1:00exactly fits at the end of this process
30. 1:03or this life cycle
31. 1:05the second one is why to publish a
32. 1:08research finding
33. 1:09now if i ask somebody usually i get the
34. 1:12answer is like it helps in career
35. 1:15progression
36. 1:16of course that is there because you need
37. 1:19publication for your promotion or
38. 1:22getting through an interview
39. 1:24but if you think deeply
40. 1:26it allows us to communicate
41. 1:28our research findings to our
42. 1:30stakeholders
43. 1:32and when i say stakeholders this
44. 1:33includes your peer group sitting across
45. 1:35the world in addition the funding
46. 1:38agencies and the common people also
47. 1:41would like to see your results and your
48. 1:43research findings
49. 1:45it identifies the research gaps and the
50. 1:48future potential areas
51. 1:50of research
52. 1:52finally it increases the responsibility
53. 1:54to influence your practice because if it
54. 1:57goes in the right direction then
55. 2:00your paper matters or your research
56. 2:02finding can influence the current
57. 2:05practice available
58. 2:07unfortunately post graduate medical
59. 2:10research in india often lack relevance
60. 2:12of research question
61. 2:14may not address the local needs or
62. 2:16sometimes
63. 2:18have inappropriate design and methods
64. 2:21and
65. 2:22sometimes not accessible
66. 2:24for others
67. 2:26often you do not publish it
68. 2:28and so
69. 2:29it is difficult to find out your full
70. 2:31report
71. 2:32but there are instances that post
72. 2:35graduate research can contribute to
73. 2:37clinical practice and you can change
74. 2:39your practice in field whichever you are
75. 2:42working in
76. 2:44with this note
77. 2:45let us come to the main slides of
78. 2:47today's topic
79. 2:48i have enlisted
80. 2:51various components of publication ethics
81. 2:54but make sure that these list is not the
82. 2:58final one there are other issues related
83. 3:01to publication ethics and sometimes few
84. 3:04some of these components are overlapping
85. 3:07with each other so they may not be the
86. 3:08separate entity
87. 3:10so let us take a look at the components
88. 3:12ethics review and breach of
89. 3:14confidentiality
90. 3:16fabrication and falsification
91. 3:19authorship
92. 3:21plagiarism
93. 3:22ethics related to submission and
94. 3:24conflict of interest
95. 3:26the first
96. 3:28ethics review and breach of
97. 3:30confidentiality
98. 3:31when you are planning for a research you
99. 3:33must take the
100. 3:34human oil and or animal ethics committee
101. 3:37approval whichever is applicable as per
102. 3:39the national guidelines
103. 3:41also
104. 3:42you must take the informed consent or
105. 3:44age appropriate ascent whenever required
106. 3:47because unless you have these two
107. 3:50none of the journals are going to accept
108. 3:51your manuscript
109. 3:54if you are doing a trial then you must
110. 3:56register this trial with clinical trial
111. 3:58registry of india
112. 4:00and you make sure that you are not
113. 4:02disclosing the data other than people
114. 4:04from your institution or which whoever
115. 4:07have access to it based on your
116. 4:10ethics committee review
117. 4:12there is a common habit that without
118. 4:13institutional permission
119. 4:15some pages used to share their
120. 4:18work or the research work with people
121. 4:21from other institution working maybe
122. 4:23their friend may be somebody else for
123. 4:26data analysis but you must remember that
124. 4:29these are not a good practice and this
125. 4:31is unethical because unless you have
126. 4:34your institutional permission you cannot
127. 4:36do this you cannot disclose your
128. 4:38information
129. 4:39with
130. 4:40outsiders
131. 4:42the second one
132. 4:44fabrication and falsification
133. 4:47if the research results not generated
134. 4:49from the study we call it fabrication
135. 4:52or if it is generated by manipulating
136. 4:55data we call it falsification these are
137. 4:58extremely serious misconducts if your
138. 5:01research comes under any scrutiny for
139. 5:03any reason
140. 5:05to defend that you must preserve your
141. 5:07data for sufficiently long duration
142. 5:10either in paper form or in electronic
143. 5:13form
144. 5:15i will share an example of falsification
145. 5:17and fabrication with you
146. 5:21a final year post graduate student came
147. 5:23to me requesting to analyze his thesis
148. 5:25data he also asked if i could make some
149. 5:29significant results
150. 5:31though they were not initially so
151. 5:33participants this is case i felt the
152. 5:36student has done the study appropriately
153. 5:39but failed to get a statistically
154. 5:41significant result he was expecting
155. 5:44so he wanted me to manipulate the data
156. 5:47to get his desired findings
157. 5:50this is falsification
158. 5:53then curiously i asked how he has
159. 5:55collected the data
160. 5:57to my surprise he revealed that the data
161. 6:00was taken from his senior thesis
162. 6:03now the whole game changed i understood
163. 6:06that he didn't even do the study
164. 6:08either copied completely from someone
165. 6:11else or generated the new data without
166. 6:14even doing the study
167. 6:16this is fabrication
168. 6:18it is the responsibility of all the post
169. 6:21graduate students to be faithful with
170. 6:23the research works while the mentors and
171. 6:26the guides should rigorously encourage
172. 6:28the students to conduct the study as per
173. 6:31protocol
174. 6:32make an analysis plan during the
175. 6:34designing stage itself
176. 6:36and maintain the same further report the
177. 6:40same results
178. 6:41whatever you find
179. 6:43falsification and fabrication happens
180. 6:45not only at pg level or at our country
181. 6:49it happens everywhere across the world
182. 6:52but the most important issue what is
183. 6:55there is breach of trust of common
184. 6:56people because they trust you you are
185. 6:59going to deliver something they trust on
186. 7:01it and also you are losing
187. 7:04time and other resources which you
188. 7:06cannot do and that is absolute ethical
189. 7:09reach
190. 7:10the third one
191. 7:12authorship confers credit implies
192. 7:15responsibility and
193. 7:17accountability of your published work
194. 7:21each author should be clear about their
195. 7:23responsibility
196. 7:25it is mandatory to declare the
197. 7:27contribution of each authors and this is
198. 7:30mandatory nowadays before you submit
199. 7:33your manuscript to any journal
200. 7:36decide on authorship while writing
201. 7:37protocol itself
202. 7:39that gives clarity
203. 7:41and there is no ambiguity when we do
204. 7:43when you do that right at the beginning
205. 7:47the international committee of medical
206. 7:49journal editors recommends that
207. 7:51authorship should be based on four
208. 7:53criteria
209. 7:56the criteria are number one substantial
210. 7:59contributions
211. 8:00to the conception
212. 8:02or design of the work
213. 8:04or the acquisition analysis or
214. 8:07interpretation of data for the work
215. 8:10and
216. 8:11drafting the work
217. 8:12for revising it critically for important
218. 8:15intellectual content
219. 8:17and
220. 8:18final approval of the version to be
221. 8:19published
222. 8:21and finally agreement to be accountable
223. 8:24for all aspects of the work in ensuring
224. 8:27that questions related to the accuracy
225. 8:30or integrity of any part of the work are
226. 8:32appropriately investigated and resolved
227. 8:36for example
228. 8:37if your editor is asking
229. 8:40for some queries
230. 8:42make sure that the responsible person is
231. 8:46accountable for answering these
232. 8:47questions
233. 8:49the fourth one ethics related to
234. 8:51submission
235. 8:52there are issues with such things for
236. 8:55example when one author is submitting
237. 8:58the same manuscript
238. 8:59simultaneously
239. 9:01at different journals we call it
240. 9:03simultaneous submission and that should
241. 9:05not happen at any point of time you
242. 9:08submit your manuscript to a journal
243. 9:10the journal gets back to you
244. 9:13the editor will reply back to you and
245. 9:16you
246. 9:17see what is the response from the
247. 9:19editor if it is accepted then fine if it
248. 9:22is not accepted they may ask a review
249. 9:24for it again review and submit
250. 9:27you do all those things and then
251. 9:29you decide whether to
252. 9:32be with that journal or to choose a
253. 9:34different journal a duplicate submission
254. 9:37is defined as submitting a new
255. 9:38manuscript with same hypothesis methods
256. 9:41data discussion and or conclusion which
257. 9:44you have published earlier you cannot do
258. 9:47that
259. 9:49also it happens that when you are
260. 9:51writing a manuscript you unnecessarily
261. 9:54refers to your self written manuscript
262. 9:58published earlier
263. 10:00that should not happen
264. 10:02you also be careful about submitting
265. 10:04your manuscript to a predatory journal
266. 10:06these predatory journals hardly peer
267. 10:08reviews any manuscript
268. 10:10a list of pretty journals is given by
269. 10:12university grants commission consortium
270. 10:14for academic and research ethics follow
271. 10:17those lists to choose your journal
272. 10:20the fifth one plagiarism is a very
273. 10:23serious issue and i think the most
274. 10:25commonly faced by everybody of us
275. 10:28it is defined as use of previously
276. 10:31published manuscript by someone for his
277. 10:34or her manuscript or unreferenced use of
278. 10:37others published and unpublished ideas
279. 10:40without consent credit or
280. 10:42acknowledgement
281. 10:44as i said if you
282. 10:46again look back the definition carefully
283. 10:49sometimes people think that it is only
284. 10:51about copying and pasting its not just
285. 10:54copying and pasting in addition even the
286. 10:57idea if you take from someone without
287. 10:59acknowledging without his or her consent
288. 11:02that is a serious issue
289. 11:04there are various type of plagiarism
290. 11:06like direct plagiarism when you copy
291. 11:08from someone else
292. 11:10work or self legalism when you
293. 11:12duplicates your own previously published
294. 11:15paper
295. 11:16and there is something called a
296. 11:18redundant publication when with the same
297. 11:20objective and hypothesis and research
298. 11:22methodology you are using it for
299. 11:26publishing as different different papers
300. 11:29that is called as salami publications
301. 11:32it should not happen of course you
302. 11:34publish it as a single paper
303. 11:37to avoid plagiarism
304. 11:39avoid copy pasting in addition write the
305. 11:42concept in your own words you spend more
306. 11:45time with your
307. 11:46papers with your references and
308. 11:49literature to figure out what should be
309. 11:51there
310. 11:52and you figure out a new version of your
311. 11:54draft
312. 11:56but don't copy paste
313. 11:58acknowledge the original sources even it
314. 12:00is unpublished work
315. 12:02cite the reference accurately you may
316. 12:05use the reference manager for this
317. 12:07avoid writing several articles of same
318. 12:09type that is the salami publication you
319. 12:12cannot do that
320. 12:13and to avoid the plagiarism finally what
321. 12:16you can do is
322. 12:17use a software tools like urkent
323. 12:20authenticate or turn it in
324. 12:23but
325. 12:25as per it should be as per the
326. 12:26university norms because university will
327. 12:29have their own
328. 12:30ah criteria and own software what they
329. 12:33are using or subscribing
330. 12:36the last one that is the conflict of
331. 12:37interest is defined as financial
332. 12:40personal social and other interests that
333. 12:44directly or indirectly influence the
334. 12:46conduct of the author with respect to
335. 12:49the manuscript
336. 12:52example
337. 12:53a pg or a researcher is conducting a
338. 12:55truck trail which is funded by a
339. 12:57pharmaceutical company
340. 12:59of course the outcome can be influenced
341. 13:01by the pharmaceutical company it is not
342. 13:04just financial conflict of interest in
343. 13:07addition they may change the outcome of
344. 13:10interest so make sure that you are
345. 13:14identifying those conflict of interest
346. 13:16what you have to do is you have to
347. 13:18disclose such conflicts of interest
348. 13:20during submission and the readers will
349. 13:23decide the influence of such conflict of
350. 13:26interest on conclusion of the paper
351. 13:29consequences of any research misconduct
352. 13:32can be dealt with seriously
353. 13:35committee on publication ethics
354. 13:37describes the consequences it depends on
355. 13:40the type of misconduct
356. 13:42which is major or minor
357. 13:44if find out to be a major one even the
358. 13:46author can be getting blacklisted by all
359. 13:48the member journals
360. 13:50also they can inform your institute
361. 13:52and the institute can take action
362. 13:54against it
363. 13:56i have summarized the existing
364. 13:58guidelines related to publication for
365. 14:00the academicians in indian institutions
366. 14:03what should be the index agencies what
367. 14:05should be the type of articles and the
368. 14:07authorship criteria which is required
369. 14:10for your promotion and career
370. 14:12progression
371. 14:13so i have summarized
372. 14:15the
373. 14:16checklist for publication ethics
374. 14:19when you are planning for publication
375. 14:22this starts right at the beginning when
376. 14:23you start your work
377. 14:25to make sure that you get your approval
378. 14:28from your ethics committee
379. 14:29and
380. 14:30you get the consent or the ascent
381. 14:33when you are collecting data you make
382. 14:35sure that the data accuracy you are
383. 14:38maintained
384. 14:40you have not done any falsification or
385. 14:42fabrication of your data to check
386. 14:44plagiarism you check with your
387. 14:46university or the institution what they
388. 14:48are using and you do accordingly but
389. 14:51make sure that plagiarism is not there
390. 14:54are as minimum as possible you make sure
391. 14:56that you are submitting
392. 14:58your manuscript to only one journal at
393. 15:00one point of time according to the icmje
394. 15:03guidelines you have maintained the
395. 15:05authorship
396. 15:06criteria
397. 15:08and you have chose the right authors and
398. 15:10finally you make sure that you disclose
399. 15:12all the conflict of interest you have
400. 15:15thank you