[산상수훈 바로 잡기 1] 가난한 자는 경제적으로 궁핍한 자가 아니다 (누가복음 4 18) — Transcript

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1. 0:00They uncritically accept the claims of
2. 0:02flawed liberation theology, believing
3. 0:04them to be common sense. When the
4. 0:07adjective "poor" appears, it should not
5. 0:10be unconditionally interpreted as
6. 0:12meaning someone who is economically
7. 0:14destitute. Nice to meet you. This is
8. 0:19Kim Cheol-rong of U-turn to the Bible.
9. 0:21There is something called liberation
10. 0:22theology. Liberation theology is a
11. 0:25theology that emerged when Christianity
12. 0:28and Marxist ideology met in the context
13. 0:30of Central and South America in the
14. 0:321970s and 80s. Liberation theology
15. 0:35favors the Gospel of Luke the most.
16. 0:38This is because they believe the Gospel
17. 0:40of Luke most clearly presents the
18. 0:41message of salvation for the oppressed.
19. 0:45Liberation theologians interpret the "
20. 0:47poor" in the Gospels as people who are
21. 0:49economically destitute. Liberation
22. 0:52theology claims that salvation is for
23. 0:55the poor, and that Jesus saves the poor
24. 0:58, not the rich. These interpretations
25. 1:01and claims of liberation theology are,
26. 1:03of course, incorrect. Nevertheless,
27. 1:05these erroneous interpretations and
28. 1:07claims are rampant throughout the
29. 1:09Korean church. Most pastors interpret
30. 1:12the "poor" in the Gospels as those who
31. 1:14are economically destitute. Regrettably
32. 1:18, they uncritically accept the claims
33. 1:20of flawed liberation theology, thinking
34. 1:22them to be common sense. Do the "poor"
35. 1:25mentioned in the Gospel of Luke really
36. 1:27refer to those who are economically
37. 1:30destitute? Let’s examine today who
38. 1:33the "poor" are. According to the Gospel
39. 1:36of Luke, after spending 40 days in the
40. 1:38wilderness, Jesus came to his hometown
41. 1:40of Nazareth and attended a synagogue
42. 1:42service on the Sabbath. At that service
43. 1:46, Jesus read Isaiah 61: 1-2. "The
44. 1:50Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because
45. 1:52he has anointed me to proclaim good
46. 1:54news to the poor. He has sent me to
47. 1:57proclaim liberty to the captives and
48. 1:59recovering of sight to the blind, to
49. 2:01set at liberty those who are oppressed,
50. 2:03to proclaim the year of the Lord's
51. 2:05favor." This scene is where Jesus
52. 2:08declares what he will do in the future
53. 2:11as the Messiah. One could say it is the
54. 2:14Messiah's first press conference. He
55. 2:16has just begun his public ministry;
56. 2:19what will he do in the future? Jesus
57. 2:22summarizes his ministry with Isaiah 61:
58. 2:261-2. The verb used in "The Lord has
59. 2:29anointed me" is the verb "mashach." It
60. 2:32means "to pour oil" or "to anoint."
61. 2:35From this verb comes the Hebrew word "
62. 2:37mashiach," which means Messiah. Messiah
63. 2:40means "the anointed one." Therefore,
64. 2:44Isaiah 61: 1 is a prophecy about the
65. 2:47Messiah. The Hebrew word translated as
66. 2:50"poor" in chapter 61, verse 1 is the
67. 2:53word "anav." The adjective "anav"
68. 2:56appears four more times in the book of
69. 2:58Isaiah. Isaiah 11: 4 says He will judge
70. 3:02the poor with righteousness and give
71. 3:04decisions for the meek of the earth
72. 3:06with equity; here, "anaw" is translated
73. 3:09as "meek." The Hebrew word translated
74. 3:12as "poor" here is "dal." Isaiah 29:19.
75. 3:16The meek also shall increase their joy
76. 3:19in the Lord, and the poor among men
77. 3:22shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel
78. 3:25. Here, "anaw" is translated as "meek."
79. 3:29The Hebrew word translated as "poor" is
80. 3:33"ebyon." In Isaiah 32: 7, "anaw" is
81. 3:38translated as "needy." The word
82. 3:41translated as "poor" here is "ebyon."
83. 3:45In Isaiah 66: 2, the word translated as
84. 3:48"poor" in "him that is poor and of a
85. 3:50contrite spirit" is "anaw." So,
86. 3:53sometimes "anaw" is translated as "poor
87. 3:57," and other times it is translated as
88. 4:01"meek." This is because the basic
89. 4:05meaning of "anaw" is "bowed head" or "
90. 4:08bent body.""Anaw" is an adjective
91. 4:11derived from the verb "anah." The verb
92. 4:14form "anah" means to press down. In
93. 4:18English, it means "to oppress" or "to
94. 4:20humble," meaning to lower one's status.
95. 4:24From this, the meanings of "poor" and "
96. 4:27meek" are both derived. Among Hebrew
97. 4:30dictionaries, there is one called "The
98. 4:33Theological Dictionary of the Old
99. 4:35Testament." This dictionary explains
100. 4:38the word "anaw" by dividing it into two
101. 4:41categories. The first is when it is
102. 4:44used in contrast to the arrogant and
103. 4:46powerful. In this case, it refers to
104. 4:49when people are pressed down by others,
105. 4:52becoming poor and forced to bow their
106. 4:54heads. The second is when it describes
107. 4:57humans before God. In this case, it
108. 5:01refers to when God presses them down
109. 5:03and humbles them, causing them to bow
110. 5:06their heads before Him. If you look at
111. 5:10all the instances of its use, it is
112. 5:12overwhelmingly used to describe humans
113. 5:15standing before God rather than before
114. 5:17other humans. There is another word, "
115. 5:21ani" or "anai," which has different
116. 5:23spelling than "anaw" but can be seen as
117. 5:25the same word. This "ani" appears
118. 5:29frequently throughout the Old Testament
119. 5:31, and its dictionary definition is "
120. 5:33poor." If we examine the usage of "ani,
121. 5:36" it is also divided into two
122. 5:38categories. The first is when it is
123. 5:41used in a socio-economic sense, meaning
124. 5:44lacking property. The second is
125. 5:47explained by dividing it into the sense
126. 5:49of being poor in one's relationship
127. 5:51with God. Throughout the Bible, these
128. 5:56adjectives "anaw" and "ani" refer to
129. 5:59the economically lower class, or the
130. 6:02poor, but they also refer to humans
131. 6:05under God's judgment. Therefore, we say
132. 6:10that this adjective "poor" is used with
133. 6:13a double meaning. Therefore, when the
134. 6:18adjective for "poor" appears in the Old
135. 6:20Testament, you must not automatically
136. 6:23interpret it as meaning someone who is
137. 6:25economically destitute. Depending on
138. 6:29the context, you must carefully
139. 6:30distinguish whether it refers to an
140. 6:32economic concept or a description of
141. 6:34humanity standing before the judgment
142. 6:35seat of God. If you look at Isaiah
143. 6:39chapter 61, it doesn't just mention the
144. 6:41poor, but also the brokenhearted, the
145. 6:43captives, and the prisoners appear
146. 6:45together. Then, are these four types of
147. 6:49people separate groups? Or is it a
148. 6:52description of one single group using
149. 6:54four different terms? Surely, one
150. 6:58cannot see it as Jesus proclaiming the
151. 7:00Gospel only to those four specific
152. 7:03types of groups. Therefore, these
153. 7:06expressions all refer to humanity, or
154. 7:09mankind, who are under the judgment of
155. 7:12God and longing for His salvation.
156. 7:15Every human being under God's judgment
157. 7:18is, in a spiritual sense, poor,
158. 7:21brokenhearted, a captive, and a
159. 7:23prisoner. Likewise, the poor, captives,
160. 7:27blind, and oppressed mentioned in Luke
161. 7:304:18 all refer to humanity under the
162. 7:33judgment of God. Liberation theology
163. 7:37claims that the poor in Luke are the
164. 7:39economically destitute lower class, but
165. 7:42that is not true. In the Gospel of Luke
166. 7:46as well, the "poor" does not signify an
167. 7:48economic concept, but points to all of
168. 7:50humanity who are under God's judgment
169. 7:52and longing for His salvation.
170. 7:56Therefore, liberation theology, which
171. 7:58interprets the "poor" solely as an
172. 8:00economic concept, has gone down the
173. 8:02wrong path from the very start. There
174. 8:05are quite a number of pastors in the
175. 8:07Korean church pulpits who interpret the
176. 8:09Bible according to liberation theology.
177. 8:12I sincerely hope that the Korean church
178. 8:15will break free from this error of
179. 8:18misinterpreting the Bible. Thank you.
180. 8:21That is all for today.