【弥生時代】09 吉野ヶ里遺跡ってどんな遺跡？【日本史】 — Transcript

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1. 0:00The Tsukushi Plain is the largest plain in the Kyushu region.
2. 0:05The Chikugo River flows through the area, which is famous for frequently flooding.
3. 0:08There are famous ruins from the Yayoi period in the area between the Chikugo River and the Sefuri Mountains in the northern part of the Tsukushi Plain.
4. 0:18It is the Yoshinogari site.
5. 0:20These ruins, located in Saga Prefecture, have become a historical park that is visited by approximately 600,000 people a year.
6. 0:27And the names of these ruins always appear in Japanese history textbooks.
7. 0:31But what is so special about Yoshinogari site?
8. 0:35Learn more about the Yoshinogari site in this video.
9. 0:39Investigation of the Yoshinogari site began in June 1981.
10. 0:45At that time, this area was hilly and Saga Prefecture was planning to build an industrial complex here.
11. 0:52But as you can see, those plans have been scrapped.
12. 0:54Currently, the Yoshinogari site Historical Park is located in this area.
13. 0:59This is because the area has long been famous for uncovering cultural artifacts every time excavation takes place.
14. 1:06When excavations were carried out before the construction of the housing complex, ruins were of course unearthed.
15. 1:12As the investigation progressed, valuable grave goods and the vastness of the ruins came to light.
16. 1:17As a result, plans to create an industrial park were scrapped.
17. 1:19The ruins have attracted attention from all over Japan, with scholars and tourists flocking to them.
18. 1:26The Yoshinogari site are from the Yayoi period.
19. 1:29The Yayoi period can be divided into three periods: early, middle, and late.
20. 1:35Let's take a look at the ruins, starting from the early period.
21. 1:38In the early Yayoi period, villages were established around YOSHINOGARI.
22. 1:43In this yellow area were settlements where people lived.
23. 1:47But this particular community deserves our attention.
24. 1:50There was a moat surrounding the settlement called "KANGOU."
25. 1:56This settlement probably played a central role in the development of the village into a country.
26. 2:03It is clear that the settlement on the southern side grew larger during the middle Yayoi period.
27. 2:08A large KANGOU was built to protect the village.
28. 2:12This means that the defense was clearly tightening up.
29. 2:15These red areas were where graves used to be.
30. 2:19Here was the tumulus where the leader was buried.
31. 2:21There was also a long, narrow row of Jar burial, a mass grave.
32. 2:26Yoshinogari reached its zenith during the late Yayoi period.
33. 2:32It developed into one of the largest moated settlements in the country.
34. 2:35Inside there were two inner citadels, which were special spaces.
35. 2:41The area has now been restored to its former state as a national park.
36. 2:45If you go there, you can have the experience of hearing the voices of the Yayoi people.
37. 2:51Earlier, difficult words such as KANGOU, Jar burial, and tumulus were mentioned.
38. 2:57I'll tell you what each one is like.
39. 3:01First, take a look at the kanji for KANGOU.
40. 3:06The first character "KAN" means circle, and the first character "GOU" means moat.
41. 3:12So "KANGOU" means a circular moat.
42. 3:17"moated settlements" is a very similar term.
43. 3:21This means a settlement surrounded by a ring-like moat.
44. 3:26Let's take a look at the Yoshinogari site from above.
45. 3:30You will then see that the settlement is surrounded by a moat like a ring, like this.
46. 3:35You can walk inside this KANGOU at the Yoshinogari site.
47. 3:40You can experience the V-shape of this moat and how deep it is.
48. 3:45But why was such a moat necessary in the first place?
49. 3:49If people had lived normal lives, there would have been no need for these moats.
50. 3:54The fact that such a moat was purposefully built shows that the people who lived in this settlement were protecting something from someone.
51. 4:01During the Yayoi period, people were able to accumulate wealth.
52. 4:06So a battle began to break out over the property.
53. 4:10In fact, many artifacts showing signs of battle, such as human bones with only the head missing, have been found at the Yoshinogari site.
54. 4:18It is believed that the watchtower was built to spy on enemies.
55. 4:23I actually climbed up to the watchtower and looked around.
56. 4:27I then found that the view was so good that I could quickly spot the attacking enemy.
57. 4:32In this way, moated settlements were built with the possibility of war in mind.
58. 4:36Defences such as Abatis and palisades had been erected.
59. 4:40The Yoshinogari site are known as the largest moated settlements ruins from the Yayoi period in Japan.
60. 4:47Next I will tell you about the Jar burial.
61. 4:51Various tombs, such as Jar burial, pit grave, wooden coffin grave, and box-shaped stone coffin grave, have been found at the Yoshinogari site.
62. 4:58Among them, Jar burial are particularly numerous.
63. 5:01As you can see, the Jar burial consists of two similarly sized jars placed together.
64. 5:06This method of burying the dead is characteristic of the northern part of the KYUSHU region.
65. 5:13At the Yoshinogari site, there is an area where over 700 Jar burial are lined up in rows.
66. 5:20The tumulus found in the northern part of the Yoshinogari site is particularly unique.
67. 5:27This area had been a small mountain before the survey was undertaken.
68. 5:32So it was thought that there must have been a tower or something there.
69. 5:36However, when the actual investigation was carried out, this assessment was overturned.
70. 5:39Beneath it was revealed a pile of earth that was clearly made by human hands, and within that was found an Jar burial.
71. 5:46Furthermore, a mirror, tubular bead, and a sword were found as grave goods in the Jar burial.
72. 5:53It was then discovered that it was not the remains of a medieval tower, but a tumulus for a person of high status built during the Yayoi period .
73. 6:01The tumulus was once backfilled for preservation purposes.
74. 6:05However, it has now been excavated again and its appearance at the time is now open to the public.
75. 6:09There you can see the original remains and the jars in the condition they were excavated.
76. 6:18summary.
77. 6:19What did you think of this?
78. 6:21The Yoshinogari site is a facility where you can experience the Yayoi period by actually seeing and touching the artifacts.
79. 6:27What I've shown you today is just a small part of the ruins.
80. 6:30So, next time you visit Saga Prefecture, please stop by there.
81. 6:33In the next video, I will tell you about the Yamato Kingship and the tumulus.
82. 6:38See you in the next video.