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[주요교리] 07 옛 언약과 새 언약 (박성하 목사) — Transcript

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0:05Today, for the seventh session of our
0:08major doctrines series, I will speak on
0:10the topic of the Old Covenant and the
0:12New Covenant. Our scripture passage is
0:16Hebrews chapter 8, verses 8 and 9. The
0:21Lord points out their faults and says,
0:23"Behold, the days are coming, declares
0:26the Lord, when I will establish a new
0:28covenant with the house of Israel and
0:30with the house of Judah.""It will not
0:35be like the covenant that I made with
0:37their fathers on the day when I took
0:40them by the hand to bring them out of
0:43the land of Egypt.""For they did not
0:46continue in my covenant, and so I
0:49showed no concern for them, declares
0:51the Lord." I am currently conducting a
0:56lecture series on doctrine. If we
1:01compare doctrine to a building, it
1:02serves as the framework. The gospel
1:05sermons we often hear can be considered
1:08the interior design of that building.
1:11If the interior is well done, the
1:13building is beautiful. However, if the
1:17framework is weak, the building will
1:19easily collapse. Therefore, even if it
1:23is a bit dry, studying doctrine well
1:26strengthens the foundation and the
1:28framework of our faith. If I were to
1:33include many illustrations, it would be
1:35much smoother, but I don't have the
1:37time. If I were pastoring a church and
1:42preaching every week, I would likely
1:45break it up into smaller parts, but
1:47since I come once a month and have to
1:49finish one topic within an hour, it may
1:51be a bit dry, so please listen to the
1:54message thinking of this as a study
1:56session. Abraham’s original hometown
2:03was Ur of the Chaldeans. Yes, here at
2:08number one. In Joshua 24: 2, it is
2:13referred to as "beyond the River." The
2:17place where Abraham lived was called "
2:20beyond the River," and the word "Hebrew
2:22" is derived from that term. So, "
2:25beyond the River" means people who
2:27lived on the other side of the
2:29Euphrates River. People who lived there
2:31. That is what it means. But in Acts 7:
2:352, God says, "Leave your country and
2:37your kindred." This is because idolatry
2:41was extremely rampant in Ur of the
2:43Chaldeans. So, they set out to go to
2:46Canaan, and there are two ways to get
2:49from Ur of the Chaldeans to Canaan. One
2:53is to go straight across the desert.
2:57Healthy young people can make it if
3:00they ride camels and prepare some food
3:02and water. But Abraham was traveling
3:07with a large family. There were women,
3:11young children, and, furthermore, a lot
3:14of livestock, so he absolutely could
3:16not cross the desert. So, the only
3:19option was to follow the Euphrates
3:22River north and go down through Haran.
3:25However, they stopped at Haran along
3:30the way. As for the reason, perhaps
3:35Haran had abundant pastures, making it
3:38a good place to raise sheep. So, they
3:42might have stayed because the location
3:45was suitable for living, and then
3:47Abraham's father, Terah, died there in
3:49Haran. So, it is possible that Terah
3:53was quite old and perhaps frail, so he
3:56could not continue the journey and
3:58stayed there. Then, after Terah finally
4:03died, if you look at Genesis 12: 1,
4:06when leaving Ur of the Chaldeans, it
4:09said to leave your country and your
4:12relatives, but what does it say here? "
4:17Leave your country, your people and
4:18your father's household." That is what
4:22it said. Yes. So, leaving Haran, he
4:25enters the land of Canaan, where God
4:27told him to go. But when you enter the
4:31land of Canaan, there is a place called
4:34Bethel. He went down to Bethel and then
4:36kept moving further and further south.
4:39Yes. If you follow the arrow, when a
4:42famine struck, he went down to Egypt.
4:46And when the famine ended, he came back
4:49up to Bethel. He returned to Bethel,
4:53but by this time, their possessions had
4:56become too great. Both households,
4:59Abraham’s and Lot’s, had so many
5:02animals that the pasture land was too
5:05small. So, they parted ways there. Lot
5:10ended up living near Sodom. Then, the
5:14alliance of the four kings from
5:18northern Mesopotamia came and captured
5:23Lot. So, Abraham took his own servants,
5:28went after them, and brought Lot back.
5:34But this was not Abraham’s homeland.
5:38Where did I say his homeland was
5:39earlier? I said it was Ur of the
5:41Chaldeans. Since he was living in a
5:44foreign land and had just fought a war,
5:47he felt uneasy. At that moment, God
5:50appeared to Abraham and told him not to
5:52be afraid. "I am your shield." In this
5:57way, He instilled faith in Abraham. But
6:01Abraham protested to God. Abraham said
6:06—this is Genesis chapter 15. "
6:09Sovereign Lord, what can you give me?""
6:14I remain childless, and the one who
6:16will inherit my estate is Eliezer of
6:19Damascus." What is Abraham saying? When
6:23I left Haran, I was 75 years old. And
6:29when He told me to leave, what did He
6:32say? He said He would give me a son.
6:35But a son was not born. Still. So
6:39he’s asking, "God, You said You would
6:40give me something, but what on earth
6:42will You give me?""I still have no
6:45children to this day.""So, the only
6:50person who can inherit my property when
6:54I die is my servant, Eliezer of
6:57Damascus." Then God said that person
7:02would never be his heir. "A son who is
7:05your own flesh and blood will be your
7:09heir." Then, to give him more faith,
7:17God took him outside. And showing him
7:21the stars in the night sky, He said, "
7:23Your offspring will be as many as those
7:25stars." But actually, Abraham left
7:32Haran at 75, so at this point, he must
7:36be nearly 80. But as you get older,
7:41does the chance of childbirth increase?
7:45Does it decrease?
7:46It decreases. The possibility
7:47disappears. Nevertheless, Abraham
7:51believed the Lord, and He credited it
7:54to him as righteousness. That is what
7:58it says. Ah, here The Apostle Paul
8:06later uses Genesis 15: 6 as the
8:08cornerstone for establishing the
8:10doctrine of justification by faith.
8:16Here, "believed" in the original Hebrew
8:19is written as "he believed." But in the
8:22original Hebrew, the verb is "he'emin."
8:26"He'emin." But the root of this "
8:30he'emin" is "aman.""Aman." And from
8:35that word "aman," the word "amen" came
8:38to be. When we say "amen" during prayer
8:43, it expresses our desire for God to
8:46hear our prayer. However, here, "
8:50he'emin" means complete trust in God's
8:54power and promises. Yes. It means I
8:59trust those words 100%. Exactly that.
9:03So, in Romans 4:19, the Apostle Paul
9:06says that at about 100 years old,
9:08knowing his body was as good as dead
9:11and Sarah's womb was dead, he did not
9:14weaken in faith, did not doubt God's
9:16promise through unbelief, and grew
9:19strong in faith—faith is repeated
9:22three times. He gave glory to God and
9:27was fully convinced that God was able
9:30to do what He had promised; therefore,
9:33it was credited to him as righteousness
9:36. Here, for the first time, faith and
9:41justification appear together. Abraham
9:45believed God, and it was credited to
9:48him as righteousness. Yes. Because he
9:53believed, he was called righteous. It
9:57was credited as righteousness. This
9:59theological expression appears here for
10:01the first time. So, this implies that
10:04even Abraham was not righteous before.
10:08In other words, Abraham was also a
10:11sinner who needed salvation just like
10:14us. But how did Abraham, who was such a
10:19sinner, become justified? It means he
10:23was justified by faith. Thus, the
10:26importance of faith is fully emphasized
10:29here for the first time. And this flows
10:34throughout the entire Bible as the
10:36concept of faith and justification by
10:39faith, which the Apostle Paul later
10:42organizes systematically and
10:44theologically in Romans 4 and Galatians
10:473. Now, there is one more thing, and
10:53that is Genesis 15: 8. He said, "O Lord
10:56God, how am I to know that I shall
10:59possess this land?" To Abraham, this
11:04place is still a foreign land. But God
11:08said He would give him the land of
11:09Canaan. How can I believe that? Then
11:16God told Abraham to bring a
11:18three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old
11:22female goat, a three-year-old ram, a
11:25turtledove, and a young pigeon. So, it
11:30says Abraham cut those animals down the
11:34middle. He divided the animals in half.
11:38Can you see it in the picture on the
11:39side? After dividing the animals like
11:42that, he didn't cut the birds since
11:44they were too small, so he probably
11:46just placed one on each side. And
11:49though it's omitted here, the way
11:52covenants were made in the ancient Near
11:55East at the time was for the two
11:57parties to walk between the pieces of
12:00the split animals. Yes. So, while
12:03Abraham did walk between the animals,
12:06God did not. But when did He walk
12:08through? Looking at verse 17, when the
12:11sun had set and it was dark, a smoking
12:13fire pot and a blazing torch appeared
12:15and passed between the pieces.
12:18Therefore, God made a covenant with
12:21Abraham to give him the land of Canaan,
12:24using the method of covenant-making
12:26from the ancient Near East. Now, how
12:31exactly did they make covenants in the
12:33ancient Near East? Genesis 15:18 says
12:37that on that day, the Lord made a
12:40covenant with Abraham. Made a covenant.
12:44We say "established a covenant." In
12:46English, it is "made a covenant." That
12:50is how it is put. But in the original
12:53Hebrew, it is written as "karat berit."
12:56"Karat" means to cut, and "berit" means
12:59covenant. So, we usually say "establish
13:03a covenant.""Make a covenant." But the
13:05Hebrews say "cut a covenant." That is
13:07how they put it. Because the way to
13:11make a covenant back then was to cut
13:14animals in pieces and recite words of
13:17blessing and cursing while walking
13:20between them. So, if there was a cow,
13:24they would split it in two, and the two
13:27people making the covenant would stand
13:29back-to-back, reciting blessings and
13:32curses while walking around the two
13:34halves in a circle. They would keep
13:37moving in opposite directions,
13:38essentially tracing a figure eight.
13:40While doing so, they would say, "If we
13:43break this promise we made today, we
13:45will be killed just like these animals.
13:48" They would speak such words of curse.
13:51Therefore, the covenant carries a very
13:53significant meaning. At the time,
13:57making a covenant was a very solemn
14:00ceremony, meaning that death would
14:03follow if the covenant was broken.
14:08There is a hymn in our hymnal, number
14:10484, that was written based on this
14:13covenant ceremony. I thought about
14:16singing this for my closing hymn, but
14:18since I've never sung it before, I
14:20didn't choose it. But in the first
14:24verse, "God's kingdom on this earth,
14:26planned before eternity, the altar
14:28built and animals split, a blood
14:30covenant made." This covenant,
14:34splitting animals, is a covenant of
14:36blood. In other words, it means if you
14:38break this covenant, you die. Yes. That
14:41shows how solemn of a ceremony a
14:43covenant was. Now, what we are going to
14:47study today is the story of the new
14:49covenant and the old covenant. God said
14:53, "I will make a new covenant with the
14:56house of Israel and the house of Judah.
14:59" But this new covenant is different
15:03from the covenant made during the
15:06Exodus. Then, if God says He is making
15:10a new covenant, what can we call the
15:13covenant that was made first during the
15:15Exodus? The old covenant. We can
15:18understand it this way. And in
15:21Galatians 3:17, it says, "What I mean
15:23is this: the law, introduced 430 years
15:25later, does not set aside the covenant
15:28previously established by God." It says
15:32the covenant made 430 years later
15:34cannot invalidate or nullify that
15:37previous covenant. The covenant "
15:41previously established" here is the one
15:43made with Abraham. And the law that
15:47came 430 years later is the covenant
15:49made at Mount Sinai. So, the previously
15:54established covenant is the new
15:56covenant, and the covenant made 430
15:59years later is the old covenant. This
16:03is a bit confusing, isn't it? Usually,
16:07the previously established covenant
16:09should be the old one, and the one
16:11established 430 years later should be
16:14the new one. Since it came later. But
16:17what did I say? The previously
16:20established covenant is the new
16:22covenant, and the covenant or law
16:23established 430 years later is the old
16:26covenant. I will explain that to you
16:29now. First, let's look at the
16:31previously established covenant. In
16:34Genesis 17: 7, when Abraham was 99
16:37years old, God appears to implement the
16:40covenant He had repeated several times
16:43before. He appears to give him a son.
16:48And He says, "I will establish my
16:49covenant as an everlasting covenant
16:51between me and you and your descendants
16:53after you," and what did He say He
16:55would do with this? "To be your God and
16:59the God of your descendants after you."
17:03Now, at first glance, what kind of
17:05covenant does this seem to be? What
17:08does it seem to be promising?
17:1199 years old. I said God appeared when
17:14Abraham was 99. And I said He appeared
17:17to implement what He had already
17:19promised several times. What did He
17:21promise? He promised to give him a son,
17:25right? But in Galatians 3:16, it says,
17:29"The promises were spoken to Abraham
17:32and to his seed. Scripture does not say
17:36'and to seeds,' meaning many people,
17:39but 'and to your seed,' meaning one
17:42person, who is Christ." So, God's
17:47repeated promise to Abraham to give him
17:50a son was actually a promise regarding
17:53Isaac. But what does the Apostle Paul
17:57say when we go to the Book of Galatians
17:59? He says that it is not simply about
18:00Isaac. Isaac was merely a symbol, and
18:03the promise was actually a promise
18:05concerning Christ. Yes. What do we call
18:10this promise concerning Christ? We call
18:13it the everlasting covenant. And here,
18:16Jesus is referred to as "my descendant.
18:19" The word for descendant is "sperma,"
18:22which means "seed." I believe I
18:26mentioned this before, but there is a
18:28scripture that comes to mind when we
18:30talk about this seed. Genesis 3:15.
18:35Here too, it says that the offspring of
18:38the woman will crush your head. This is
18:42what God is saying to the serpent right
18:45now. So, when God says to the serpent,
18:48"the offspring of the woman," the
18:50Hebrew word "zera" means "seed."
18:53Therefore, the woman's seed will crush
18:57Satan's head, and you, Satan, will
19:01strike his heel. While prophesying the
19:07destruction of Satan who caused Adam
19:09and Eve to sin, it shows that in this
19:11great controversy between good and evil
19:13, where does Jesus also suffer injury?
19:16He suffers injury to His heel. This is
19:19an implication of the sacrifice Jesus
19:22would make for the redemption of
19:24humanity. Striking the heel. This Jesus
19:30'sacrifice is revealed right from the
19:33Garden of Eden. Now, in Genesis 3:21,
19:37what did God make and clothe Adam and
19:40his wife with after they sinned?
19:44He made them garments of skin, right?
19:47But everyone, what must happen to make
19:49garments of skin?
19:52An animal must die. An animal has to be
19:54killed for it to be made, right?
19:56Therefore, in Revelation 13: 8, there
19:59is a verse that says, "the Lamb who was
20:02slain from the foundation of the world,
20:05" whose names were not written in the
20:07Book of Life; the phrase "from the
20:10foundation of the world" can be
20:12connected to the names not being
20:15written, or, as in our Bible, It can be
20:19connected to the Lamb who was slain.
20:22Grammatically, there is no problem at
20:24all. No matter how you interpret or
20:26translate it on either side. And
20:28biblically, this is also correct. So,
20:32Revelation 13: 8 can also be translated
20:37as "the Lamb slain from the foundation
20:41of the world." And this translation is
20:46supported by 1 Peter 1: 19-20, which
20:49says He is like a lamb without blemish,
20:53foreknown before the foundation of the
20:57world. There is such a phrase. So, from
20:59when was Jesus known to us humans? From
21:02before the foundation of the world. In
21:04other words, Jesus was already revealed
21:06from the Garden of Eden. He was implied
21:10to us. He was made known to us. This is
21:12what it means. Why? An animal had to
21:16die so that skin garments could be made
21:19for Adam and Eve. That sacrificed lamb
21:23was a symbol of Jesus' sacrifice. It
21:27was a symbol that Jesus’ heel would
21:29be bruised. These symbols continue to
21:34appear. Some time later, when Cain and
21:38Abel offered sacrifices, what offering
21:41did Abel bring? He offered the
21:44firstborn of his flock and their fat,
21:48and God accepted Abel and his offering.
21:52However, He did not accept Cain’s
21:54offering, which was the produce of the
21:56land, lacking blood and animal
21:58sacrifice. So, here too, a symbol of
22:01Christ’s sacrifice is present. The
22:05symbol of His being sacrificed to
22:07redeem us from sin, of His heel being
22:10bruised, appears continuously starting
22:12from the Garden of Eden. Abraham had
22:18Isaac at the age of 100. Then, peaceful
22:23years passed and Isaac was about 20
22:26years old. They were living well, but
22:31one day, God appeared and said, "
22:34Abraham, take your only son, not just
22:37your son, but your only son Isaac, and
22:41offer him as a burnt offering on Mount
22:45Moriah." You know, we often treasure a
22:51child born in one's old age even more.
22:56How much he must have cherished that
22:59son born through Sarah. But he was told
23:03to go to Mount Moriah and offer that
23:04son as a burnt sacrifice. So he took
23:07his son and went up, and on the way,
23:10Isaac asked. "Father, the fire and wood
23:14are here, but where is the lamb for the
23:16burnt offering?" Then, inspired by the
23:20Spirit, Abraham answered. "My son, God
23:23will provide the lamb for the burnt
23:27offering Himself." Now, it can be
23:31translated that way, but I found the
23:33translation in the Korean King James
23:35Version to be very good. "My son, God
23:40will provide Himself a lamb for a burnt
23:45offering." Isn't that a good
23:49translation? Yes. So, just as he was
23:54about to kill Isaac, an angel said that
23:57God commanded him to stop. And looking
24:02around, there was a ram caught by its
24:07horns in the thicket. So, as we see
24:12here, he took the ram and offered it as
24:15a burnt offering in place of his son.
24:19This is a symbol of Jesus who would die
24:22on the cross in our place. And what did
24:26Abraham name that place? Jehovah-jireh,
24:29meaning "the Lord will provide."
24:32Because of this, a proverb arose among
24:34the Israelites: "In the mount of the
24:36Lord it shall be provided." This is the
24:39proverb. According to the Bible
24:42commentary, this proverb was meant to
24:44clearly recall Abraham’s expression
24:46of faith that God would Himself provide
24:49the means of salvation on the mountain
24:51He had designated. This proverb
24:55contains an expression of hope for the
24:58Messiah, whether those who quote it
25:00understand that meaning or not. At this
25:04sacred point, the Holy of Holies in
25:06Solomon’s Temple, the new Shekinah
25:09glory of God would later establish its
25:11dwelling. So, right here on Mount
25:15Moriah, the very place where Abraham
25:17intended to offer Isaac, Solomon’s
25:20Temple was built, and its Holy of
25:22Holies was established upon that rock
25:25where the altar for Isaac was built. I
25:29have actually been there myself. It
25:31isn't that large, just a bare rock
25:33standing there. An Islamic mosque has
25:35been built over it now, so you have to
25:37take off your shoes and wear a skirt to
25:39enter. Yes. I went and saw it myself;
25:41it’s just a small mass of rock. Right
25:43in that spot, the means for our
25:46salvation, for the salvation of all
25:50humanity, would be prepared. It means
25:54the sacrifice, Jesus, who would hang on
25:57the cross and die in place of my sins,
26:00is prepared. So, in Genesis 22:18, it
26:05says, "And through your seed all
26:08nations on earth will be blessed." But
26:12this promise does not simply refer to
26:15Isaac. Here in Galatians 3: 8-9, it
26:20says, "The Scripture foresaw that God
26:23would justify the Gentiles by faith,
26:26and announced the gospel in advance to
26:30Abraham: 'All nations will be blessed
26:33through you.'""So those who rely on
26:38faith are blessed along with Abraham,
26:40the man of faith." God told Abraham
26:45that all nations would be blessed
26:47through his seed. This means that not
26:51only are the Jews saved, but all
26:54Gentiles will gain eternal life by
26:56believing in Jesus. This is where the
27:00doctrine of righteousness by faith
27:01originates. The doctrine of salvation
27:04by faith alone is symbolically
27:06represented here. Therefore, in the
27:10Bible, it says the eternal covenant is
27:13God’s plan for the salvation of
27:15humanity. This covenant was made with
27:19Adam in the Garden of Eden and was
27:21later repeated to Abraham. It meant
27:25that a plan had been set in motion to
27:27restore the position that humanity had
27:29lost. This
27:31A plan to restore the position that
27:33humanity had lost. What we call this is
27:35the plan of salvation. In the past, it
27:38was translated as the "economy of
27:40redemption." Older generations are
27:42familiar with the term "economy," but
27:44since people today are not, it is
27:45simply a "plan." In English. Yes. So,
27:47the plan of salvation has been set in
27:50motion. The plan of salvation that God
27:53prepared has begun. But there are two
27:57aspects to this. One is that humanity
27:59needed to be forgiven for the sins they
28:01committed. Forgiveness of sins is found
28:04at the cross. And the second is that
28:07the character of humanity needed to be
28:09restored to be in harmony with the
28:11image of God. This is something not
28:15often taught in general Protestantism.
28:18The cross is about the forgiveness of
28:20sins, but also the restoration of
28:23humanity. Therefore, the cross is not a
28:27permit for sin, saying you can be saved
28:31even if you sin. The cross is a promise
28:37that we, who fell and could not keep
28:40God's law, will be restored to keep the
28:43law.
28:45Amen.
28:45Amen.
28:46Yes. The cross is not just about
28:48forgiving sins. It is about us, who
28:50could not obey God, being transformed
28:52into people who can obey.
28:54Amen.
28:55But general Protestantism reverses this
28:57and keeps trying to change God's
28:59commandments. Jesus did not come to
29:02change the commandments, but to change
29:05us, who are sinners.
29:06He came to transform us so that we
29:09could keep the law. I will explain this
29:14later. Now, however. This is the
29:16covenant established beforehand. Then
29:19what is the law that came 430 years
29:22later? In Exodus 24: 7-8, Moses, having
29:27gone up to Mount Sinai to meet God and
29:30returned, took the Book of the Covenant
29:33and read it to the people. This is the
29:37first document recorded in the Bible.
29:41The Book of the Covenant here—
29:42everything before this had been passed
29:45down orally, but this was the first
29:46written book. Yes. He took it and read
29:50it to them. They said, "All that the
29:55Lord has spoken we will do." They made
29:59this promise. Then Moses took the blood
30:02and sprinkled it on the people and said
30:05, "Behold the blood of the covenant
30:07that the Lord has made with you in
30:10accordance with all these words." That
30:13is how the covenant was made with blood
30:14. I said earlier that all covenants are
30:16made with blood. Yes. This is a
30:19covenant on which life depends. That is
30:23why this is called the Old Covenant,
30:25and also the First Covenant. But there
30:28was that covenant established
30:29beforehand, right? It keeps getting
30:31confusing. Why is this called the First
30:34Covenant? Well, we write contracts, but
30:38if we don't stamp or sign them, the
30:41contract has no legal effect. That's
30:45right. For example, parents write down
30:47an inheritance for their descendants,
30:49giving so much to the first son and so
30:51much to the second. But if they don't
30:54sign it, it's useless. So, while the
30:58covenant was initiated and set in
31:01motion, a covenant must be ratified by
31:04blood. But since the covenant
31:07established beforehand was about Jesus,
31:10it could not be ratified until Jesus
31:12shed His blood on the cross. However,
31:15the Old Covenant is currently being
31:17ratified right here by the sprinkling
31:19of blood. So, because this covenant was
31:23ratified first, it is called the First
31:25Covenant and the Old Covenant. Do you
31:29understand?
31:29Yes. Now then, what is the core of this
31:34Old Covenant? This is the same for both
31:37the Old Covenant and the New Covenant.
31:39Leviticus 18: 5. You shall keep My
31:41statutes and My judgments. If a man
31:43does them, he shall live by them. This
31:47is the characteristic of the covenant.
31:53The covenant made between God and us is
31:55that if we keep the commandments, we
31:57shall live. And Deuteronomy 27:26 says,
32:01"Cursed is the one who does not confirm
32:03all the words of this law by observing
32:06them." And all the people shall say, "
32:08Amen." So, when we made that covenant
32:13earlier, the way a covenant was cut was
32:15by splitting an animal, meaning if we
32:17keep the covenant well, we will live in
32:20peace, but if we break it, the person
32:22who breaks it will die like this animal
32:24. This is the characteristic of the
32:28covenant. God adopted this method to
32:30make a covenant with us. Yes. If you do
32:34it, you shall live. But can man keep
32:39God's law? Can he not?
32:43When we try it, does it work or not?
32:46It might work for a moment, but not
32:47consistently. Then why did God make
32:51this covenant when He clearly knew that
32:54Israel could not keep it? This makes us
32:57curious. In*Patriarchs and Prophets*,
33:02page 371, it asks: "If the Abrahamic
33:04covenant contained the promise of
33:07redemption, why was another covenant
33:09made at Sinai?" We could have been
33:12fully saved by the Abrahamic covenant
33:13already. Then why was another covenant
33:16made? During their long servitude in
33:20Egypt, the people had lost to a great
33:22extent the knowledge of God and of the
33:24principles of the Abrahamic covenant.
33:27Living among idolaters and corrupting
33:30influences, they had no correct
33:32conception of God's holiness, the
33:34exceeding sinfulness of their own
33:36hearts, their utter inability, in
33:38themselves, to render obedience to
33:40God's law, and their need of a Savior.
33:43All this they had to learn. That is why
33:49God made the old covenant. We will do
33:52it. "Okay, try keeping it." But God
33:56could have said, "No.""You cannot keep
33:57it." He could have persuaded them,
33:58saying, "It's absolutely impossible."
34:00But God does not persuade them. He says
34:02, "Let's make a covenant," and enters
34:03into the covenant with blood. Why did
34:06He do that? Haruki Murakami wrote an
34:12autobiographical essay called*Novelist
34:16as a Profession*. The content is a bit
34:20long, but I have summarized only the
34:22main points. It is not exactly as
34:23written in the original text. I
34:24summarized it without disrupting the
34:27flow. I remember reading a story about
34:29two people who went to see Mt. Fuji
34:31when they were young. The smart person
34:34looked at it from a few angles, thought
34:37, "So this is what Mt. Fuji is like,"
34:39and went back. But the person who
34:42wasn't so smart climbed all the way to
34:43the summit on his own two feet. It took
34:45time and was physically exhausting.
34:49Only then did he realize, "Ah, this is
34:51what Mt. Fuji is truly like." The
34:55former just went there, took a look,
34:56and thought, "Oh, so this is what Mt.
34:58Fuji looks like." Those who grasp
34:59things quickly are called geniuses.
35:01They don't need to climb the mountain;
35:02they just look and they know. But those
35:05who climb it and realize, "Ah, so this
35:07is what Mt. Fuji is like," are called
35:09the hard-working type.
35:11The hard-working type. Do you think
35:14there are more geniuses among us? Or
35:16are there more of the hard-working type
35:17? Hard-working.
35:19Nearly 99%are the hard-working type. We
35:22have an old saying: whether it's poop
35:24or soybean paste,
35:27you have to taste it to know. This
35:29means you should be able to tell at a
35:32glance, but they look quite similar in
35:34color. So, people need to taste it to
35:38distinguish between poop and soybean
35:41paste. It means that most people don't
35:45even know themselves until they
35:47experience it. I might think my faith
35:52is strong now, but I only really know
35:55it when I'm tested. Most are not the
35:58genius type who know at a glance, but
36:00the hard-working type. That is why God
36:03said, "You cannot keep the law.""You
36:05receive it by faith." Even if He
36:07explains this over and over, what would
36:09the Israelites say? "God, what do You
36:12take me for to say such things?" That's
36:15what they'd say, right? Wouldn't I be
36:17the same? Wouldn't you? So God says, "
36:21Fine, go ahead and try.""And if it
36:26doesn't work out, come back to Me."
36:29This is the covenant. Yes. But the
36:33Israelites were so ignorant of
36:35themselves that God called Moses back
36:38to Mt. Sinai to teach them the
36:40commandments in detail. Moses stayed
36:44there for 40 days. At first, with
36:49clouds and the lightning of God's
36:51presence, the people were very afraid
36:54and terrified. But as a week passed,
36:58then two, they got used to it. Moreover
37:02, Moses wouldn't show up. For 40 whole
37:06days. So they started to feel anxious.
37:08Did Moses run away? Or did he die? They
37:12wondered, "How can we live without a
37:14leader?" So they went to Aaron and
37:19demanded a leader, and he made a golden
37:22calf, claiming, "This is the god who
37:25led us out of Egypt," and they were
37:27drinking, partying, and dancing around
37:30it. So, after 40 days, Moses came down
37:35from Mt. Sinai, and what did he do when
37:37he saw this? He grew angry and threw
37:41the tablets out of his hands, breaking
37:43them at the foot of the mountain. The
37:47Ten Commandments are the covenant
37:50scroll. That is why the chest
37:53containing the Ten Commandments was
37:55called the Ark of the Covenant. So,
37:57breaking the Ten Commandments. What
37:59does this mean? The covenant
38:02is broken. Since you broke the covenant
38:05first, God has broken it too. Hmm. Do
38:12you know what breaking the covenant
38:13means, as I said before? It is death.
38:16It is a terrifying thing. That is why
38:19waiting is so important for us. The
38:22attitude we have while waiting is very
38:24important. Jesus took Peter, John, and
38:28James with Him up to the Mount of
38:30Transfiguration to pray. Then Moses and
38:34Elijah appeared there to talk with
38:37Jesus, and according to Luke 9:31, they
38:41spoke of His departure which He was
38:44about to accomplish at Jerusalem. In
38:49other words, why did Jesus go up to the
38:50Mount of Transfiguration? He went there
38:53to discuss the matter of the cross. So,
38:58He went to hold a vital meeting for the
39:01redemption of humanity. Meanwhile, a
39:06great commotion was taking place down
39:08at the foot of the mountain. When Jesus
39:11came down, He saw people gathered
39:13around, murmuring and stirring. As soon
39:17as he saw Jesus, a father ran up and
39:19said, "My son is possessed by a demon."
39:22"I brought him to Your disciples, but
39:24they could not heal him." Yet, when
39:29those disciples were previously sent
39:31out by Jesus on a mission, they had
39:33clearly driven out demons. But on this
39:36day, it wasn't working. No matter how
39:38much they commanded the demon to leave,
39:39it would not go. Hearing this, Jesus
39:44sighed deeply and healed the boy. Then,
39:50this is Matthew 17:19. At that time,
39:54the disciples came to Jesus privately
39:56and asked, "Why could we not drive it
39:58out?" He replied, "Because of your
40:01little faith." He continued, saying if
40:04you had faith as small as a mustard
40:06seed, you could move mountains. This
40:10means the disciples had no faith at all
40:13. Matthew recorded that they had little
40:18faith, while Mark recorded that He said
40:21, "This kind can come out by nothing
40:24but prayer." Mark wrote that they
40:28lacked prayer. Matthew stated that the
40:31remaining nine disciples lacked faith.
40:34And Mark stated that they lacked prayer
40:36. Why did they lack faith and prayer?
40:41In*The Desire of Ages*, page 431, it
40:44says Christ's words concerning His own
40:46death filled them with sorrow and doubt
40:49. And the fact that Jesus chose three
40:52disciples to accompany Him up the
40:54mountain stirred up envy among the nine
40:56. Instead of strengthening their faith
40:59through prayer and keeping Christ's
41:01words in mind, they were caught up in
41:02discouragement and petty grievances. In
41:05this dark state, they entered into a
41:08struggle with Satan. Hmm. Uh. Even now,
41:16as we attend church and live out our
41:19faith, the most important thing we must
41:23do is to mature in our faith. Everyone,
41:27you have believed in Jesus, so you have
41:28received salvation. But we must not
41:30just stop at being born again; what
41:33should we do? We must mature. And
41:37another thing is that our character
41:39must be transformed. We should strive
41:44for this and lose sleep over not having
41:47achieved it. However, many Christians
41:52just spend all their time envying,
41:54being jealous, arguing, holding grudges
41:57, and dealing with petty conflicts.
42:02Just as the Israelites could not wait
42:04those 40 days, it is important for us
42:06to know what we must do while we wait
42:08for the Second Coming of Jesus in these
42:11last days. We engage in many activities
42:15at church, but the top priority is
42:17growing in faith and having our
42:19character transformed. It is restoring
42:23the image of God. We must not lose
42:25sight of that. This Regarding these
42:29last days, 2 Peter 3: 3-4 says, "
42:31Knowing this first, that there shall
42:34come in the last days scoffers, walking
42:36after their own lusts, and saying, '
42:38Where is the promise of his coming?'""
42:42For since the fathers fell asleep, all
42:43things continue as they were from the
42:45beginning of the creation." What is the
42:47overall theme here? It means that as
42:49the time for Jesus 'Second Coming draws
42:52near, skepticism regarding the Second
42:55Coming will actually increase. "What do
42:58you mean, Jesus is coming again?""How
43:01could Jesus appear from the sky?""How
43:03could He ride on the clouds?" People
43:05will be saying things like this. That
43:09is why Jesus told you to stay awake and
43:12be prepared. It means that many people
43:15will be dozing off. What does this mean
43:17? They will become indifferent to the
43:19Second Coming. And like in the days of
43:21Noah, they will marry, give in marriage
43:22, and eat and drink. What does this
43:24mean? They will be obsessed only with
43:26worldly affairs. Jesus kept telling us
43:30to stay awake; what does it mean to
43:31stay awake? What is the meaning? Live
43:36your life with the Second Coming always
43:39in mind. Live your life with the Second
43:43Coming as your top priority. Yes. So,
43:46for the sake of my salvation, I should
43:49focus on disciplining myself, refining
43:52myself, and becoming mature and
43:54transformed, rather than worrying,
43:56getting upset, or losing sleep over
43:58trivial things. That is what it means.
44:03Therefore, here, the Israelites made a
44:06covenant, but because they did not
44:09remain in My covenant, I did not regard
44:13them. Ultimately, the northern kingdom
44:15of Israel was destroyed by Assyria, and
44:17the southern kingdom of Judah was
44:18destroyed by Babylon. And who was the
44:21last king? The last king of southern
44:23Judah. Zedekiah. During the time of
44:28King Zedekiah, in Jeremiah chapter 34,
44:29Jeremiah says this. From verse 18, it
44:32says they cut a calf in two and passed
44:36between the pieces to make a covenant
44:39before Me—meaning Judah also made a "
44:43covenant of pieces" with God. "And I
44:47will give the men that have
44:48transgressed my covenant, which have
44:50not performed the words of the covenant
44:51which they had made before me, when
44:53they cut the calf in twain, and passed
44:54between the parts thereof, the princes
44:56of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem,
44:57the eunuchs, and the priests, and all
44:58the people of the land, which passed
45:00between the parts of the calf; I will
45:01even give them into the hand of their
45:03enemies, and into the hand of them that
45:04seek their life: and their dead bodies
45:06shall be for meat unto the fowls of the
45:07heaven, and to the beasts of the earth.
45:09" Breaking a covenant is miserable. So,
45:11in the end, Zedekiah, who did not
45:13listen to Jeremiah and continued to
45:15oppose Babylon while pursuing a
45:17pro-Egypt policy, was attacked by
45:19Nebuchadnezzar. In 586 B.C., Jerusalem
45:23was completely destroyed, and Zedekiah
45:25had his eyes gouged out, was bound in
45:28bronze chains, and was taken to Babylon
45:30.
45:31And so, Judah ceased to exist.
45:33The nation fell.
45:34This is the fate of a people who break
45:36the covenant. Therefore, God said, "I
45:39will establish a new covenant." And
45:42what is that new covenant? First, if
45:46you look at Hebrews 8: 7, it says, "For
45:48if that first covenant had been
45:50faultless, had been without blemish..."
45:52What did I say the first covenant was
45:54earlier? The covenant made at Mount
45:58Sinai. That covenant—if it had been
46:01without blemish, there would have been
46:04no need to seek a second one. The
46:07second one is the new covenant, the
46:09second covenant. While sharing the last
46:14supper with His disciples, Jesus passed
46:17the wine at the end of the meal and
46:19what did He say? He said, "This cup is
46:24the new covenant in my blood." Jesus'
46:30blood is the blood of the new covenant.
46:33So, when Jesus cried out on the cross
46:37and breathed His last, Mark 15: 37-38
46:40says the curtain of the temple was torn
46:43in two from top to bottom. What does
46:47this mean? The old covenant has passed
46:50away, and it signifies that the new
46:54covenant has been ratified.
46:57Ratification happens through what?
46:59Through blood. The old covenant
47:00required the blood of animals. But the
47:02new covenant requires whose blood?
47:04It requires the blood of Jesus. The new
47:09covenant has been set in motion. Then,
47:11what is the content of the new covenant
47:12? Hebrews 8:10. Now, here, the new
47:16covenant says, "I will put my laws in
47:19their minds and write them on their
47:21hearts.""I will be their God, and they
47:25will be my people." Where was the old
47:29covenant written? Earlier, where did I
47:34say God wrote it at Mount Sinai?
47:36I said it was written on tablets of
47:37stone. But where did I say the new
47:39covenant is written? He will put it in
47:41our minds,
47:43and write it on our hearts. What does
47:46this mean? Everyone, just as a baby is
47:51born from its mother's womb, it
47:55instinctively searches for its mother.
47:58Right? When separated from its mother,
48:01a baby feels separation anxiety. And
48:04does the baby know how to suckle
48:06without being taught? Does it?
48:08Yes, it knows how. That is because the
48:12method of survival and the instinct to
48:16seek out survival are all engraved
48:20within its DNA. When we humans were
48:25first created by God, God's law, God's
48:28commandments, were engraved on the
48:31human heart. So, Adam and Eve were
48:34naturally inclined to seek God
48:36instinctively. But when they sinned,
48:40that law was erased. You see, thoughts
48:43can be erased. So, the law was erased.
48:48If you copy an empty disk, that disk
48:51also becomes an empty disk. So, for
48:54Adam and Eve, the law had been emptied;
48:55it was all erased. Therefore, when they
48:58gave birth to us, their descendants
49:00were also born with the law erased.
49:02That is why there is no law within us.
49:06So, keeping the law is difficult for us
49:10. We have to put in the effort. But
49:14does a baby look for its mother because
49:16it tries to? Does it happen by effort?
49:18It happens naturally. What is the New
49:21Covenant? What is it that Jesus intends
49:23to accomplish for us through the cross?
49:28It is not writing God’s commandments
49:30on stone, nor is it writing them in a
49:33Bible book.
49:35It is writing them on our hearts. In
49:39other words, the promise to make this
49:41your instinct is the New Covenant.
49:44Amen. So, everyone, Jesus’ cross is
49:54not about us trying to keep the law,
49:57but about God engraving His law within
50:00our hearts so it becomes our nature,
50:03and we end up keeping the law naturally
50:06. So, "I will be their God, and they
50:10shall be My people." This passage, in
50:14the words of young people today, says,
50:20"You are me, and I am you.""You are in
50:25me, and I am in you." It means this.
50:28It’s a language of love that makes
50:30your heart flutter. That’s what it
50:31means. "I will be your God"—meaning I
50:37am in you— "and they shall be My
50:39people.""You will be in Me."
50:44This is a relationship of love.
50:46Amen. Amen.
50:48So, when we love God, He will let us
50:50experience the commandments being kept
50:52naturally.
50:54This is what the cross has accomplished
50:56. So, everyone, those who are drawn to
50:58the love of the cross realize that
51:01keeping the commandments is never
51:03difficult. It isn't hard at all for
51:06someone we love, right? That is how it
51:08becomes. This is the New Covenant.
51:11Patriarchs and Prophets, page 372. The
51:15same law that was engraved on stone
51:16tablets is written on the tablets of
51:17the heart by the Holy Spirit. Instead
51:20of trying to establish our own
51:21righteousness, we will live a life of
51:23obedience to the law of God written in
51:25our hearts through the grace of Christ.
51:28By the presence of Christ’s Spirit,
51:31we can act as He acted.
51:36It is not me doing it, but God doing it
51:39for me. This is the definition of
51:41righteousness by faith.
51:42Amen. Amen.
51:43Now,
51:45I explained it in a complex way, but to
51:47explain this chart: God created humans,
51:49and then said, "If you eat of the tree
51:52of knowledge of good and evil, you
51:54shall surely die." What is this? If you
51:57break My law, you will die. But Adam
52:00and Eve committed sin. As soon as they
52:04sinned, the plan of redemption, the
52:07everlasting covenant, began to operate.
52:11What is that? Who did I say the seed of
52:15the woman was? Jesus will bruise the
52:17serpent's head, and the serpent will
52:20bruise His heel. That was an allusion
52:22to Jesus’ sacrifice, you see. So,
52:25this is the covenant of grace, an
52:27eternal covenant, and when you look at
52:29it, it is the new covenant. It existed
52:32first. Then why is it called the new
52:36covenant when it precedes the old
52:39covenant? Because it was ratified later
52:42. A covenant is ratified with blood;
52:44the old covenant was ratified first
52:47with the blood of animals, and the new
52:49covenant was ratified later with Jesus
52:52’ blood on the cross, so it is called
52:54the new covenant or the second covenant
52:57. Do you understand? The Israelites
53:00knew all about that new covenant, as it
53:03was reiterated through Abraham, but
53:05they forgot it all while in slavery in
53:08Egypt. So, since they forgot that we
53:12absolutely need God's help, as I
53:14mentioned earlier, we are not geniuses,
53:16but "effort-types.""Effort-types" have
53:19to learn the hard way by experience. So
53:21, God said, "Go ahead and experience
53:22that you can't do it.""You say you can
53:24keep it? Then go ahead and try." That
53:27is how the old covenant was made. Since
53:29it was ratified first, it is called the
53:31old covenant, or the first covenant;
53:33and what is its content? "Obey and you
53:36shall live." But can you obey? Can you?
53:39They couldn't. So they failed. That is
53:42why Jesus came and established the new
53:44covenant with His own blood. Because it
53:46was the second to be ratified, it is
53:48called the second covenant. However, it
53:50is a little different. The condition of
53:52"obey and live" is the same, but what
53:53is the righteousness that comes by
53:55faith? "I will make you obey and live."
54:00Amen.
54:00In other words, "I will enable you to
54:02live."
54:03Amen.
54:05Then, how can we engrave the law upon
54:11our hearts? Do not just leave the
54:17commandments in the Bible; bring them
54:20into your heart.
54:22What is this? It is love. That is why
54:25the Apostle John says in 1 John 5: 3, "
54:27For this is the love of God, that we
54:30keep His commandments." But he also
54:35said, "And His commandments are not
54:37burdensome." In reality, is it
54:42difficult to keep the commandments? Is
54:43it easy?
54:44It is difficult. So, have you kept all
54:47the commandments? If I asked you to
54:48raise your hands, no one could. Only
54:50those who don't know would raise them.
54:52Yes. Anyone who knows what sin is
54:55cannot be confident. Yes. But what does
54:58John say here? "His commandments are
55:02not burdensome." They say that love
55:06flows downward. You have to make an
55:09effort to be filial to your parents.
55:11But when it comes to doing something
55:13for your children,
55:16you just worry that you can't do enough
55:17for them. When I visit my daughter's
55:22house, I see the kimchi and side dishes
55:24her in-laws sent and the ones my wife
55:26brought, all rotting away; I think I
55:28spent two hours cleaning that up last
55:29time I visited. I take everything
55:32that's rotten out, wash the dishes, and
55:34bring everything out. But even if I eat
55:37it, the kids won't eat it. Don't bother
55:40making it. Still, a mother seems to
55:42feel at ease only when she makes
55:44something for them. Tell her to stop
55:45killing herself doing it. That happens
55:48on its own. It’s not easy, and it’s
55:50not just something simple. But they say
55:52love flows downward.
55:54When you love someone, it doesn't take
55:56any effort at all. So, the new covenant
55:59is ultimately a covenant of love.
56:02I am in you, and you are in me.
56:06Amen. Then the law becomes light.
56:10This new covenant means let’s love
56:11one another. God and us loving each
56:13other, and us loving one another—this
56:15is the new covenant. This is what the
56:18cross is meant to do. If we truly
56:21believe in Jesus and have entered the
56:23new covenant, we cannot help but love
56:26God and our fellow humans. So, instead
56:29of trying to keep the commandments,
56:31what should we do?
56:32We must try to love. We try to love God
56:35, and we usually call that meeting God.
56:40And when we look at our fellow humans,
56:42don't look at how much they talk or how
56:45they act out; look at the person
56:47themselves. Keep doing that. Yes. God
56:50died for that person too. Yes, Jesus
56:53died for that person as well. Sometimes
56:57there are people who cause trouble, not
56:59wearing masks, like back when it was
57:00really bad, they wouldn't wear masks.
57:04You might think, "Oh, they should just
57:05stay home," but every time you think
57:06that, what should you do? Think, "Jesus
57:09died for that person too."
57:13If you think like that, the rest of the
57:15commandments are kept automatically.
57:17Now, let’s read Philippians 1: 6 and
57:20finish. Begin.
57:22Being confident of this very thing,
57:23that He who has begun a good work in
57:24you
57:25will complete it until the day of Jesus
57:28Christ. Amen.
57:30The word here for "complete" is "
57:33epiteleo," which means to finish. He
57:37began it, and He will finish it. So we
57:41have nothing to worry about. What do we
57:43need to do? Just love God and love your
57:46neighbor as yourself. This covenant is
57:49the covenant that gives us life. Yes.
57:52Hoping that you and I may live while
57:53enjoying the joy of salvation in the
57:55new covenant, I will conclude the
57:57message.
57:57Amen.

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This page contains the full transcript of [주요교리] 07 옛 언약과 새 언약 (박성하 목사) by 진리횃불교회, generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 7,996 words across 1,185 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.

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