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العادة والارادة 02 | هل التكيف مع الواقع يكون بالعادة أم بالارادة ؟ — Transcript

by أستاذ الفلسفة حمداش عبدالحق · 5,236 words · 834 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:13In the name of God, the Most Gracious,
0:15the Most Merciful, and peace and
0:17blessings be upon the most honorable of
0:19messengers. Welcome, dear students, to
0:22my YouTube channel, the channel of
0:24Professor of Philosophy, Hafdach
0:26Abdelhak. Dear students, I always wish
0:28you success in the Baccalaureate exam
0:30to bring joy to yourselves, your
0:32fathers, and your mothers, God willing.
0:35Dear ones, as part of the series of
0:37philosophy lessons I present to you,
0:39today we have a new lesson, a
0:40continuation of the first previous
0:42video regarding the lesson on habit and
0:44will. Falling under the problematic of
0:47perceiving the external world. Meaning,
0:49we will address the second part. The
0:50second essay in the lesson on habit and
0:53will. Dear students. Meaning the first
0:56essay in the lesson on habit and will.
0:59We discussed in it in detail the
1:01negatives and positives, meaning the
1:03essay on the effect of habit, the value
1:05of habit: is it a positive behavior
1:07that serves a human's adaptation to
1:08their external world, or is it a
1:10negative behavior that hinders a
1:12human's adaptation to the external
1:14world? Meaning, dear ones, those who
1:17haven't seen the previous video must
1:19watch it. This lesson that we will
1:21study today or this essay is a
1:23continuation of the previous lesson.
1:26Meaning, we must know the positives and
1:29negatives of habit to be able to study
1:32habit and will today. Look, dear ones,
1:34today we will address a very, very
1:36important essay for the Baccalaureate
1:38exam. And for the Literature and
1:41Philosophy stream, it is: Does
1:43adaptation to the external world happen
1:47through habit or through will? Meaning,
1:50we will address in the first position
1:52that adaptation occurs through habit.
1:54And the second position, meaning
1:56adaptation occurs through will. So,
1:59before we begin this lesson or essay,
2:02we must try to provide an introduction
2:06to this habit and will, to this lesson.
2:11Therefore, we must always know that a
2:13human, in their interaction and
2:15adaptation to the external world, needs
2:17several means and characteristics. And
2:20mediums. Meaning these means help them
2:23to know the external world. In all
2:26fields. To know the school. To know,
2:29for example, the sports field or the
2:30political field. Or the field of...
2:32Meaning, to know these external things,
2:34they need several characteristics.
2:37Among these characteristics, we find
2:39habit and will. So, firstly. We must
2:44know the definitions. To be able to
2:46enter into our essay. First, we have,
2:49meaning. We must know the concept of
2:52habit; we must know it, dear ones.
2:55Write down with me these definitions
2:58because we need them. When we say habit
3:01, folks, sorry, it is what? It is an
3:04automatic behavior. You see? Automatic
3:07behavior, folks. Meaning when a person
3:11gets used to a certain habit, they
3:14become like a machine, meaning they are
3:17like a machine, an acquired automatic
3:20behavior that we acquire through
3:23repetition. Meaning when a person
3:26repeats a certain thing. When they
3:29repeat writing a philosophical essay,
3:31or when they repeat reading, or repeat,
3:34for example, athletic movements, here
3:36they learn a new habit. This is
3:38regarding the concept of habit. Also,
3:40habit in its concept. Its other concept
3:45is ability. A human's ability to
3:47perform an action, meaning with economy
3:50in effort, time, and others. Meaning
3:53when a person learns a certain habit,
3:56they economize on effort and time.
3:59Right, folks, we have known the concept
4:00. Of habit, we must know something else
4:02. Which is, meaning, factors for
4:05acquiring habits. There are some
4:06factors we must know. I will mention
4:08them to you verbally. Meaning when I
4:10tell you factors, factors that help us
4:13to acquire the habit. First, we have
4:15the factor of repetition. I will write
4:17them down for you here. We have the
4:19factor of repetition. And we have the
4:23mental factor, and we have. We have the
4:25psychological factor. Follow along with
4:28me closely. Look, when we say the
4:29repetition factor, it's obvious.
4:32Meaning, when a human repeats a certain
4:35action. They get used to it. This is
4:38regarding repetition. For example,
4:40Aristotle says: Habit is the daughter
4:42of repetition. This is first. Second,
4:46the mental factor, meaning the human
4:48has some factors in their mind. The
4:50mental factor. Excuse me. When we say
4:55mental factor, it means there are
4:56factors present in the human mind. That
4:58allow them to acquire habits, such as
5:00focus. For example, precision in
5:02observation, for example, intelligence.
5:05Analysis, synthesis. These are all
5:07characteristics of the mind that help.
5:09The human in forming a habit. For
5:10example, the person who focuses on a
5:13specific thing. Is able to acquire the
5:15habit. Unlike the one who does not
5:16focus. For example, one who has a
5:18strong memory. Has strong intelligence.
5:20And others among. The mental factors.
5:23These factors, folks, help and
5:25contribute to acquiring habits.
5:28Likewise, there is another
5:30psychological factor. Meaning a factor
5:32present in the human psyche. Like, for
5:34example, willpower. Or inclination. Or
5:36desire. Or. Interest. These are all
5:39factors that contribute to acquiring
5:41habits. Also, folks, we must know one
5:44more thing, which is the types of
5:46habits. I must know the types of habits
5:49. What are the types of habits? We must
5:51write them down. Also, there are
5:53intellectual habits. Right, there are
5:56psychological habits. There are
5:57physiological habits. Let's explain
6:00them. Physiological habits. And there
6:02are motor habits, for example. There
6:04are social habits. These we call the
6:08types of habits. Let me write the types
6:12of habits for you. I must understand
6:15them, folks, because we need them for
6:17the positives of habit. Look, when we
6:19say intellectual habits. Intellectual
6:21habits, for example, the person learns
6:24a specific way of thinking. For example
6:26, a scientific or philosophical way of
6:27thinking. Or a logical way of thinking.
6:31We call this an intellectual habit. Add
6:33a psychological habit. For example, a
6:35person getting used to patience. Or
6:37suppressing anger. Or anxiety. Or joy.
6:40This is a psychological habit. Add,
6:43when we say a habit. Physiological, it
6:45happens to the human body. For example,
6:48the body getting used to drinking water
6:50frequently. Or the body getting used to
6:52drinking coffee, and other bodily
6:55habits. Additionally, we have motor
6:57habits. When we say, folks, motor
6:59habits, movements, for example, the
7:02person gets used to specific movements.
7:05Folks, we need these later in this
7:07position. Meaning, adaptation occurs
7:09through habit. Add the last one, we
7:12have social habits. For example, a
7:15person getting used to cooperation,
7:18righteousness, benevolence in society,
7:21respecting others, and other virtuous
7:24social habits. Focus with me closely
7:27because we will explain these later in
7:30this first position of ours. Dear
7:33student, write these definitions with
7:34me, meaning write them down. Because we
7:38need them. Look at what we did, we did
7:40habit because we need it. Now we go,
7:43folks, to willpower. Before, we did
7:47habit, the concept of habit, we did
7:48factors of acquiring habits, and we did
7:50types of habits. We need these, folks,
7:52in the first position. Likewise, we
7:54must know another thing with which the
7:57human adapts to their external, and it
7:59is. Willpower. Guys, when we talk about
8:05will, it means that since man is a
8:08conscious and rational being, he
8:10possesses an important trait, which is
8:12will. Meaning that a human in his life
8:15wants to obtain certain things. Before
8:18we look at examples, we must define
8:21will. Will, in its specific definition,
8:27we say it is the intention to act or to
8:34refrain, while knowing the driving
8:39reasons for that. Follow along with me,
8:43this definition is easy, don’t let it
8:45intimidate you, it’s simple. See,
8:46when we say will is the intention to
8:49act, it means a person wants or intends
8:52a specific thing. For example, you want
8:55, God willing, to obtain the
8:57baccalaureate degree. Here, the person
9:01intends the action, he intends it. I
9:04want a specific thing, or will to
9:06refrain, meaning I want to leave a
9:09specific thing while I know the reasons
9:12driving that; for example, a person
9:15wants the baccalaureate, wants to excel
9:19in studies, wants to practice a certain
9:22sport, or. Or wants to refrain. Meaning
9:26he wants to leave. A certain habit, or
9:28a certain thing. For example, a person
9:31wants to quit negative habits. For
9:34example, a person wants to quit.
9:36Smoking, for instance, or quit drinking
9:39coffee; meaning a person breaks a
9:41certain habit of his own will. This is
9:44regarding will, guys. I said, since man
9:47is a rational and conscious being. He
9:49is characterized by the most important
9:51thing in. This life, which is will.
9:53Look, now we defined will, defined
9:57habit and its types, now we will handle
10:00the essay. This essay, we will expand
10:03on it well. Focus with me. What does
10:05our essay say? Is adaptation to the
10:08outside world done through habit?
10:10Meaning our first position is that it
10:12is through habit. Here it is,
10:13adaptation is only through habit. The
10:17second position, or is it through will?
10:20Meaning adaptation is through will.
10:22Look, you need to understand one thing
10:24with me. We have an introduction in the
10:26dialectical method here. In the
10:28introduction, we talk first, we provide
10:30a preamble about, meaning, man. And
10:33after that, we define habit, and we
10:35also define will. And then. We conduct
10:39the intellectual debate. Philosophers
10:41and thinkers have differed regarding,
10:43meaning, adaptation to the outside
10:45world. Is it through habit, or, meaning
10:48there are those who see that adaptation
10:50, meaning, is through habit? While
10:53others see that it is through, meaning,
10:56will and human consciousness. Look,
10:59guys, here we did an introduction. We
11:01go directly to the first position. When
11:04we say the first position, focus with
11:06me well. Before we explain it, I am
11:08obliged to know that the first position
11:10, when we say adaptation. Is through
11:13habit, I must do what I do. Follow well
11:16so I can give you an outline for the
11:18essay. Right, when we say to you
11:20adaptation is through habit, this is a
11:23first position. And the second position
11:26says to you adaptation is through will.
11:28Right, when we say through habit, it
11:31means we do what we do, the advantages
11:34of habit. Automatically, meaning
11:36adaptation is through habit, the
11:38advantages of habit. And when we do
11:42will, it means what is found in will.
11:47And we do the disadvantages of habit.
11:51Teacher, why did you do the
11:53disadvantages of habit here? In order
11:54to strengthen the power of what? The
11:56power of will. And then here, when we
11:59criticize the advantages of habit, the
12:01disadvantages. Meaning we say habit is
12:05negative and we do will. And when we
12:08say here we criticize will, what do we
12:09say? Habit is a behavior that is how,
12:13positive. Meaning we will work easily,
12:17easily. Look, here is this first
12:19position, habit. Here is the second
12:21perspective: Will. Meaning, here is
12:24what I will cover in the first
12:25perspective: I will mention the pros of
12:27habit. Good. What are the pros of habit
12:29? Because adaptation occurs only
12:31through habit. When we criticize them,
12:33we say that habit is negative. The
12:35second perspective, which states that
12:37adaptation occurs through will. I will
12:39include everything related to will,
12:40meaning the mentalist tendency. This
12:42includes Chauchard, Maine de Biran, and
12:44others. And I will list the cons of
12:46habit. When we criticize them, we will
12:48present habit as positive behavior.
12:49Meaning these two, the proponents of
12:52will, rejected habit. When we criticize
12:54them, we say that habit is a positive
12:56behavior. And in the synthesis, we
12:58combine habit and will. Follow along
13:00with me. Let's start directly with the
13:02first perspective. Before we start with
13:04the first perspective, let's reread the
13:07question. It asks: Is adaptation to the
13:09external world through habit or through
13:11will? First, let's start with the first
13:13perspective. Adaptation is through
13:15habit. Who are its proponents? Meaning
13:17the proponents of habit. They are
13:19called proponents of the materialist or
13:22mechanistic tendency. Who are these
13:25proponents? In the mechanistic tendency
13:27, we have Aristotle, Alain, Pavlov,
13:29Watson, the behavioral school, and
13:32others. We call these the proponents of
13:34the mechanistic tendency. When we start
13:37the position, before we provide the
13:40arguments and proofs, we say that the
13:42proponents of the first perspective,
13:45who are the proponents of the
13:47mechanistic tendency—including
13:49Aristotle, Alain, and Pavlov—believe
13:51that adaptation to the external world
13:54occurs through habit. Why? Because when
13:57a human learns a habit through
13:59repetition...Follow along with me,
14:01through repetition. One saves effort.
14:05And time, and so on. Here, when a human
14:08learns a certain habit, this habit
14:10consists of repetitive movements. When
14:13they learn it, they save effort and
14:15time, and it is a behavior
14:17characterized by monotony—excuse me
14:19—and stereotypical patterns.
14:22Therefore, habit is suitable for
14:24adaptation to the external world, and
14:27it also contains many positive aspects.
14:30These positive aspects allow us—or
14:32allow the human—to adapt to the
14:35external world. So, this is the
14:37beginning of the perspective; we must
14:39define it well. And then we move on to
14:42the arguments and proofs. So, the
14:43arguments and proofs relied upon by the
14:46proponents of the first perspective.
14:48The proponents of the mechanistic
14:50tendency first say that habit—follow
14:52along with me—is a mechanical
14:53behavior that facilitates the human's
14:55task of adaptation. What does that mean
14:58, habit? A mechanical behavior that
14:59facilitates the human's task of
15:01adaptation. Meaning in adaptation. To
15:03the external world, since the human
15:05gets used to a certain habit. For
15:07example, the habit of prayer or fasting
15:09. Or the habit of reading the Quran. Or
15:11the habit of reading. Or the habit of
15:12writing articles. Or the habit of
15:14respecting others. Or the habit of
15:15patience or suppressing anger. All
15:17these habits, when a human learns them
15:20...They enable them to adapt to the
15:22external world. Also, what shows that
15:26habit is a behavior...That contributes
15:28to interaction, understanding, and
15:31adaptation. Of the human to the
15:33external world, we find that this habit
15:35...Follow along with me well. Is
15:37similar to instinct. Meaning, when we
15:39say instinct, it is a behavior born
15:41with the human, innate. So here, we
15:44have compared habit to instinct.
15:46Because mechanism is the common thing
15:49between them. Meaning, when we say
15:52instinct and habit, the common behavior
15:55between them is that they are both
15:57mechanical, resembling a machine. This
16:01is normal. When a human learns certain
16:04habits, they understand the external
16:06world through them in all aspects,
16:09everyone. Also, what shows that habit
16:13is a positive behavior is that it has
16:16several factors that support it. Or
16:19help the human being. Or habit has
16:21several factors that help a person
16:23acquire it. Among these acquisition
16:26factors, follow me closely and record
16:28what I say. Firstly, the repetition
16:31factor. When a person repeats a certain
16:34thing, they get used to it. Here,
16:36Aristotle says that habit is the child
16:37of repetition. This is the first factor
16:39. The second factor is mental factors.
16:43Meaning, there are some factors present
16:45in the human mind that allow a person
16:47to acquire excellent habits. Among them
16:49is focus. Precision of observation. The
16:51mind's analysis; it analyzes. The
16:53mind's synthesis; it synthesizes. These
16:55characteristics allow a person to
16:57acquire habits. There are also other
16:59factors, including psychological
17:02factors. When we say psychological
17:04factors, they include interest and
17:07desire. This is a psychological factor
17:09that lets a person acquire habits.
17:11Follow me closely. Let's move to
17:13another argument showing that
17:15adaptation occurs through habit: the
17:17benefits of habit. Focus with me well
17:19on the benefits of habit. Now, when I
17:22say habit, it means it is something
17:24good and positive. Before we define the
17:26benefits of habit, we will explain them
17:28here. We must know the types of habits
17:30and assign them benefits. Follow me.
17:31The types of habits include
17:34intellectual habits, folks. When we say
17:38. Intellectual habits, it means a
17:40person gets used to a positive
17:42intellectual habit, like what, for
17:44example, scientific thinking. Or
17:49logical thinking; I will explain to you
17:52with these examples here, which show us
17:55that habit is positive, a good thing.
17:59Also, from the perspective of, for
18:01example, the physio--logical. Guys,
18:06when I say physiological to you. It
18:09means from the physical aspect. For
18:11example, the human body getting used to
18:13taking medicine when sick, or drinking
18:16water. This is a positive habit from
18:18the physiological aspect. The example
18:21we mentioned, like the body getting
18:23used to drinking water. Add these;
18:26these are all benefits, guys. Let's add
18:29, for example, psycho--logical. When we
18:34say positive psychological habits, like
18:36what? For example, a person getting
18:39used to patience, to controlling their
18:42anger. And other sound psychological
18:45habits. A person getting used to
18:47routine. This is regarding
18:48psychological habits. Also, there is
18:50another habit. Another positive one
18:53from the social perspective; when we
18:55say a positive habit from the social
18:58aspect, I am giving arguments and
19:01evidence that show that adaptation to
19:04the outside world happens through habit
19:07; guys, when we say from the social
19:09aspect, the person in their society
19:12learns good habits, for example,
19:15respecting people, spreading peace,
19:17cooperation, love, brotherhood, and
19:20others. Meaning, from sound social
19:23habits. Come on, let's write, let's
19:24write examples. For example, love.
19:27Respecting others. Respecting the
19:31neighbor and other habits. Meaning, you
19:33can expand on this essay. This is for
19:36positive habits. We can add, for
19:39example, motor habits. Like, for
19:41example, a person getting used to
19:43athletic movements or. Practicing
19:46sports, for example, practicing
19:49swimming and other positive habits; you
19:52see how we have shown that, truly, this
19:55habit is a good thing and a person can
19:59adapt to the outside world through its
20:02benefits; follow me, also what. What
20:05shows that habit is a positive behavior
20:07are the experiments of the school of
20:09behaviorism. This school of behaviorism
20:11, led by Watson—here is Watson—and
20:14Pavlov, and so on. They conducted
20:18several experiments on the young child.
20:20They discovered that a young child,
20:23meaning when they grow or before they
20:25grow up, must get used to a certain
20:28habit. And after that, they want
20:30certain things. I mean, habit is a
20:32positive behavior, a behavior that
20:33serves adaptation to the external world
20:35. A young child must get used to it, in
20:39order to learn those things. So that
20:43they learn these things, everyone. Look
20:46, you can structure this position and
20:48expand on it as much as you like in the
20:50Baccalaureate. You must organize your
20:53ideas. When you reach the positives,
20:54explain them. When you reach, for
20:56example, the factors of habit
20:57acquisition, explain them well. And
21:00then you can excel in this position.
21:02Meaning we have covered all the
21:03relevant arguments and proofs.
21:05Expansion—I always advise you, my
21:07students, to expand in the essay. We
21:10have finished the position. Now, when
21:13we criticize the position, what will
21:16the position say? It will say that
21:19humans adapt to the external world
21:22through habit. True, when we criticize
21:25it, we criticize the positive aspect in
21:27form and content. It is true that
21:29humans adapt to the external world
21:31through habit. Because this habit is an
21:34automatic behavior characterized by
21:36repetition and others. And this habit
21:38has positives, it is true. But habit,
21:41in some cases, can be negative. It can
21:46be negative and cause harm to the human
21:49. Likewise, when we criticize this
21:52position, we say there is another thing
21:55or another trait by which humans adapt
21:58to the external world, which is the
22:01will. I mean, the will is one of the
22:04wonderful gifts that society has
22:05bestowed upon us. I mean, the will is
22:08always associated with the human mind.
22:11Let us read the critique. Together, and
22:12we will further understand it. Despite
22:15the many advantages of habit, it is not
22:17devoid of disadvantages. I mean, we
22:19mention that this habit has negatives.
22:21And we also mention the will. This is
22:24regarding the first position. Which
22:27says that adaptation to the external
22:29world occurs through habit. Let us move
22:32directly to the second position,
22:34everyone. We have done the positives of
22:36habit in the first position. The second
22:38position says the opposite. Adaptation
22:41is not through habit. It is through the
22:44will. So, the proponents of the second
22:47position see that adaptation occurs
22:50through the will alone. What do we call
22:53them, everyone? We call them proponents
22:56of mentalism. Proponents of mentalism.
22:59Who is there? Maine de Biran and
23:02Schopenhauer. These, we call them,
23:05everyone, proponents of mentalism.
23:07These sanctify the voluntary act of the
23:10human. Follow me well. Let us start our
23:13position. The proponents of the second
23:15position, the mentalists, see. Who are
23:17they? Kant, Maine de Biran. What is it?
23:19What do they see, everyone? That the
23:21will is what achieves adaptation to the
23:25external world. Why? Because the human
23:28is a rational and conscious being. And
23:31as long as they are conscious, they
23:33want things. They always endure
23:36hardship and reach, meaning they seek
23:39to reach their desire. They seek to
23:41obtain things and all. And all these
23:44things are obtained through the
23:46important trait, which is the will.
23:49When a human wants, when they want,
23:52they can. The proverb says: If you can,
23:56you want. The proverb says: If you want
24:02, you can. So the will is one of the
24:05wonderful gifts, as I said, that
24:07society has bestowed upon us. Let us
24:10start, everyone, now that we have
24:12finished the position, with the
24:13arguments and proofs that confirm the
24:15position. First, that the will is what
24:17achieves human adaptation and
24:19understanding of the external world.
24:21Because it is a free, conscious act.
24:25Sorry, what does act mean? Conscious
24:27and free, meaning that the will stems
24:29from the inspiration of the human being
24:31and their freedom. A human always has a
24:34distinctive trait, which is freedom.
24:36For example, a person wants to obtain
24:38things, wants to practice sports, or
24:40wants to obtain a Baccalaureate degree.
24:42They want to excel in high school. They
24:44want to excel, meaning in university.
24:47They want to reach the highest
24:49positions. They want stability, for
24:51instance. As long as a human is a free
24:53being, they want things. As long as the
24:55will is an act. Conscious and free.
24:57Then it is what achieves human
25:00adaptation to the outside world.
25:03Excellent as well, everyone. What shows
25:06us that the will is what achieves
25:09adaptation to the outside world is that
25:12the will enables a person to control
25:15their emotions. Thus, through the mind
25:19and the will, they can—meaning the
25:21will enables a person to control their
25:24emotions, inclinations, and desires,
25:27and especially to control themselves.
25:30So, a human always wants positive
25:33things in their psyche. And with
25:36society, they always want to obtain
25:39positive things. Also, focus with me
25:42well. What shows that understanding the
25:46outside world is done through the will.
25:48Is that the will is a purposeful mental
25:50act and determination. Focus with me on
25:54this will. Focus with me well. I will
25:56read it to you again. I will explain it
25:57again from here. The will is a mental
25:59act and determination. Meaning when a
26:02person wants something specific, this.
26:04Their will passes through very
26:07important stages. A person must go
26:09through these stages to achieve what
26:12they want. So when we write—meaning
26:16we must know this, it is very important
26:19—we support it with, we must write
26:22the stage of. The will. Or let’s
26:26write, meaning it is better. Let’s
26:27write the stages. What are the stages
26:31of a voluntary act? Meaning this
26:36human's voluntary act. When they want
26:39something specific, they go through
26:41stages. The first stage is the stage of
26:45imagining. The goal. Second, the stage
26:49of discussion. Follow well, now we will
26:51explain through examples. And third,
26:54the stage of achieving the goal.
26:58Everyone, what do we call these? We
26:59call these the stages of the voluntary
27:00act. One, two, three. Follow me well:
27:04imagining the goal, discussion, and the
27:07stage of achieving the goal. For
27:12example, when we imagine that a person
27:14wants—has the will to obtain a
27:16Baccalaureate degree. Follow me well,
27:19they must first pass through the stage
27:21of imagining the goal. What is their
27:23goal? Achieving the Baccalaureate
27:25degree. Meaning they resolve to do it;
27:26the will, in its definition, is the
27:27resolve. They resolve, determination.
27:30When we say the goal, they imagine the
27:32goal. They imagine the goal of
27:34obtaining the Baccalaureate degree.
27:36They want to obtain—they have a goal
27:38in their mind, this stage of imagining
27:40the goal we have accounted for here.
27:42Meaning the Baccalaureate degree, for
27:44example. Second, the stage of
27:47discussion. The discussion stage comes,
27:49they see if this goal helps them or
27:51does not help them. They see how to
27:54think, they see how to analyze, they
27:56see how to reach it. Meaning they
27:58discuss the act, prepare the reasons,
28:01rely on God, search, know, and study.
28:03Meaning here is the discussion stage,
28:06and after that, they implement their
28:09goal by studying and relying on God
28:12Almighty. For example, let me add
28:13another example for you. For instance,
28:15a person wants to quit smoking; they
28:17have the will to stop smoking. The
28:19first thing is the goal, they see their
28:22goal is to stop smoking. The second
28:24stage is deliberation, where he sees if
28:26this action, when he wants to stop it,
28:28helps him or not. Whether it harms his
28:29health, or doesn't harm his health. And
28:31then he achieves his goal by quitting,
28:35meaning smoking. We must know the
28:37stages of voluntary action; it is not
28:40random. This will must have several
28:42stages so that a person can always
28:44reach their goal. If you want, you can
28:48always do it. I always wish for you.
28:51Meaning obtaining the baccalaureate
28:54degree with distinction and excellent
28:56grades, God willing. Guys, let's add
28:59another argument. Look at all these
29:02creative people—Einstein and others
29:05—when they innovated in all fields,
29:08the field of aviation, Thomas Edison
29:11when they discovered the lightbulb, all
29:14scientists, when they innovated, they
29:16had a strong will, a steel will, a will
29:19of iron. They reached their goals. All
29:22scientific discoveries are achieved
29:25from the heart, from a fundamental
29:28thing in humans, which is the will. For
29:31example, here we say that all creators
29:34relied on the will; every creator, when
29:37they created something, relied on the
29:39will. Guys, this is regarding the
29:42position. Look at what we did. Meaning
29:44the arguments we made. First, the will
29:46is what achieves adaptation because it
29:48is an action. A conscious one; the will
29:49enables a person to control their
29:51impulses. And the will is a mental act.
29:53Purpose and determination. Meaning we
29:55saw another thing. That all creators
29:58relied on the will. Here, for example,
30:01Mounier says. We cannot conceive of a
30:04human as an object. Or just a thing. As
30:07long as it is a being that possesses a
30:10will. Also, guys, what shows that the
30:13will is a conscious act. And achieves
30:15adaptation to the outside world. Is the
30:18quote by Charles. He said that the will
30:21is one of the wonderful gifts bestowed
30:24upon us. Society, meaning we are always
30:28in interaction with society. As long as
30:30a person is in interaction with their
30:33society, they have an iron will. This
30:36shows that will or adaptation happens
30:38through the will. Furthermore, we can
30:41also support this position with many of
30:44the negatives of habit. To reinforce
30:47the strength of the will, we must
30:49mention the negatives of habit here. To
30:51reinforce the strength of the will,
30:53what is it? The negatives of habit.
30:58First, we mention the types of habits
31:00and address their negatives. Look with
31:03me; we must include the negatives of
31:05habit here to reinforce the strength of
31:08the will. For example, socially, how is
31:11a habit negative? Socially, for example
31:13, a person gets used to lying, stealing
31:16, hypocrisy, envy, jealousy, and so on.
31:19You understand, here. Habit from a
31:21social perspective is negative. Let's
31:23see what shows that habit. Is negative.
31:27It is, meaning, from a psychological
31:29perspective. When we say from a
31:31psychological perspective. Give me an
31:32example of a negative habit, like.
31:34Anxiety, for example. Anxiety for the
31:37most trivial reasons; this is a
31:39negative psychological habit. Let's add
31:42from the intellectual perspective. Guys
31:45, why are we doing these here? To
31:47reinforce the strength of the will,
31:48from the intellectual side. When we say
31:50from the intellectual side. Meaning,
31:52for example, thinking. Spreading
31:55negative thinking. Negative thinking.
31:57Irrational thinking. Logical thinking,
31:59erratic thinking. Also, from the
32:02cultural perspective, for example.
32:04Getting used to cultures that are alien
32:06to Muslims, like Western cultures. All
32:08of this shows that habit is negative.
32:11Since the habit is negative, adaptation
32:13is achieved through willpower.
32:15Excellent. Here, we have completed the
32:18second position, which sees that habit
32:21—or rather, willpower—is what
32:24achieves adaptation. These proponents
32:27of the mentalist trend have neglected
32:29the role...What did they neglect? The
32:31role of habit? Why? Because willpower
32:34alone cannot elevate a human being. And
32:37it cannot provide them with adaptation,
32:39meaning it cannot direct them toward
32:41adapting to the external world. Why?
32:43Because willpower alone cannot achieve
32:45all goals. Here, Ibn Sina says that
32:48willpower—or rather, habit—precedes
32:51willpower in terms of time. Therefore,
32:53we must say that habit is also a
32:56behavior that serves adaptation to the
32:58external world. Not just willpower
33:01alone. We synthesize here in the
33:02integration phase. Integration between
33:04the two positions. We combine both
33:06habit and willpower. Why? Because they
33:08are interdependent. And because a human
33:11being uses them together. We integrate
33:13the two positions. We cannot take one
33:14side or favor one over the other.
33:16Integration is achieved by combining
33:19both positions. Yes, along with...
33:21Integration always requires us to
33:24expand by explaining both positions.
33:27And then, we emphasize the combination.
33:29As an integration between the two
33:31positions, we say...That a human being
33:33adapts to the external world through
33:34two important traits. They are,
33:36specifically, habit and willpower. And
33:37we continue to explain. And then, once
33:39I finish the integration, I will write
33:41the conclusion. Now, I will determine
33:43the final result reached in the essay,
33:45which is a general deduction. Meaning,
33:48we deduce everything we have said. So,
33:50finally, we conclude. Follow along with
33:53me. Finally, we conclude that both
33:55habit and willpower help a human being
33:59adapt. And understand the external
34:01world in all aspects, despite their
34:03differences. They do differ. It is true
34:05that habit and willpower differ. But
34:08they accompany the human being in...
34:11They accompany the human being and help
34:14them adapt to the external world. To
34:17the external world, despite the
34:19differences existing between them. Dear
34:21students, review the first lesson we
34:24covered on the pros and cons of habit
34:26and willpower. Once you understand the
34:29pros and cons well...You must
34:31understand the first essay to
34:33understand the second. Which is about
34:35the relationship between habit and
34:36willpower. If you understand the first
34:38one, you can understand this one easily
34:40. Dear students, we have reached the
34:41end of the video. I always wish you
34:43success in your Baccalaureate exams. I
34:46wish you success, achievement, and good
34:48luck. And I wish—I wish you success
34:51as well. And I pray to God Almighty to
34:54grant you the patience to face this
34:57Baccalaureate. And finally, I say to
34:59you, peace be upon you, and may God
35:01bless you.

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This page contains the full transcript of العادة والارادة 02 | هل التكيف مع الواقع يكون بالعادة أم بالارادة ؟ by أستاذ الفلسفة حمداش عبدالحق, generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 5,236 words across 834 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.

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