01 05 Computer System Architecture — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:08[Music]
2. 0:21computer systems architecture
3. 0:24so different operating systems for
4. 0:26different kinds of computer environments
5. 0:31so most systems use a single general
6. 0:34purpose processor
7. 0:36most systems have special purpose
8. 0:38processor as well
9. 0:39okay one main cpu which manages the
10. 0:43computer and runs user apps
11. 0:47other specialized processor this
12. 0:49controllers gpus etc
13. 0:51do not run user apps
14. 0:54okay
15. 0:55now for the multiprocessor systems
16. 0:59it increased throughput
17. 1:02okay faster execution but not 100
18. 1:06percent linear speed up
19. 1:09next would be the economy of scale
20. 1:12peripherals disks
21. 1:14memory shared among processors
22. 1:18and increased reliability
23. 1:20you've got something like
24. 1:22failure of cpu
25. 1:25allows
26. 1:27our slow system
27. 1:29don't crush it
28. 1:30okay redundant processing provides
29. 1:33system of checks and balances
30. 1:35so graceful degradation
31. 1:38or degradation
32. 1:40of fault tolerance
33. 1:42so there are two types
34. 1:44okay so you've got the
35. 1:47asymmetric multiprocessing
36. 1:49wherein each processor is assigned
37. 1:51specific
38. 1:53okay
39. 1:54and
40. 1:55symmetric multiprocessing
41. 1:58each processor performs all tasks
42. 2:04now i have here an example of symmetric
43. 2:06multi-processing architecture okay
44. 2:09so you've got processor zero and
45. 2:11processor one here
46. 2:13sharing the
47. 2:15main memory
48. 2:16each cpu has their own register and
49. 2:18cache
50. 2:19but the main memory are shared
51. 2:24how about on the dual core design
52. 2:26so multi-chip and multi-core so systems
53. 2:30containing all chips
54. 2:32chassis containing multiple separate
55. 2:34systems
56. 2:35okay so something like we have one
57. 2:37physical processor
58. 2:39virtually divided or virtually having
59. 2:42multiple cores
60. 2:43in this case you've got dual core
61. 2:46okay cpu core zero has their own
62. 2:48registers and has their own cache
63. 2:51and so with
64. 2:53the core one but they share an l2 cache
65. 2:57okay leading to the main memory
66. 3:02for the non-uniform memory access system
67. 3:05okay so one core
68. 3:08could switch
69. 3:09okay from
70. 3:11one cpu to the next
71. 3:13okay
72. 3:14so something like okay so i have here
73. 3:16memory zero and i have memory one here
74. 3:19the cpu
75. 3:21is accessing the memory
76. 3:24okay
77. 3:25in non-uniform fashion
78. 3:28all right
79. 3:31plastered system
80. 3:33so independent systems with shared
81. 3:36common storage
82. 3:39and connected by a high-speed land
83. 3:42working together
84. 3:44okay
85. 3:45so special considerations for access to
86. 3:47shared storage are required
87. 3:49we have this uh distributed lack
88. 3:51management
89. 3:54as our collaboration protocols
90. 3:57so a good example of this is
91. 4:00the implementation of the storage area
92. 4:02network
93. 4:03okay so it provides a high availability
94. 4:06service
95. 4:07which survives failures
96. 4:10so there are two types for clustered
97. 4:12systems you've got symmetric and
98. 4:14asymmetric clustering
99. 4:17so asymmetric has one machine
100. 4:20in hot standby mode
101. 4:22will symmetric has multiple nodes
102. 4:25running applications monitoring each
103. 4:27other okay so some clusters are for high
104. 4:30speed
105. 4:31performance computing or hpc
106. 4:34applications must be written to use
107. 4:35parallelization
108. 4:38okay
109. 4:39some have distributed lag manager or dlm
110. 4:43okay the distributed log management
111. 4:45to avoid conflicting operations
112. 4:50so this is an example of clustered
113. 4:52systems
114. 4:53we have these computers sharing a
115. 4:56storage
116. 4:57area
117. 4:58and this storage area network here
118. 5:01our network of hard disks
119. 5:03okay so which are being shared
120. 5:06by
121. 5:07the computer on the given infrastructure
122. 5:13next pc motherboard so consider the
123. 5:16desktop pc motherboard with a processor
124. 5:18socket shown below so you've got your
125. 5:20processor socket you've got the memory
126. 5:24slots there
127. 5:25and then these are the buses
128. 5:28so this board is a fully functioning
129. 5:30computer
130. 5:31once it's slots are populated something
131. 5:34like if you're going to install your ram
132. 5:36here
133. 5:37you've got for instance
134. 5:39the pci but then we already have our
135. 5:42memory or the
136. 5:44display interface here just like in the
137. 5:46keyboard
138. 5:48okay
139. 5:49so even the lowest cost general purpose
140. 5:51cpu contains multiple cores
141. 5:54some motherboards contain multiple
142. 5:56processor sockets more advanced
143. 5:58computers allow more than one system
144. 6:01creating a pneuma system
145. 6:04okay so basically
146. 6:06if you have nothing to
147. 6:08install here like you don't want to use
148. 6:10your display adapter and you use this
149. 6:13instead
150. 6:14then that would make it operational
151. 6:17okay
152. 6:26[Music]
153. 6:34you